Category: mbti

Mastering Jungian Typology: A Deep Dive with Michael Pierce

Hello personality enthusiasts! We had the honor to be able to have Michael Pierce to do a public session for the Singapore Typology Community. Michael Pierce is a Jungian researcher and well-known figure online with his substantial work published under the book “Motes and Beams”. I hope his beautiful analogies and philosophical analysis can help many MBTI beginner to move from simple personality quizzes to the beautifully nuanced world of Jungian Typology.

If you like Michael, check out his popular YouTube channel @MichaelPiercePhilosophy or purchase his book at http://subjectobjectmichaelpierce.blog

Video Transcript

Michael:  “You’re about to join me down the rabbit hole of this more complex, advanced system known as Cognitive Function Theory or Jungian Theory. So, we begin with Perception and Judgment. These appear in the MBTI test as a dichotomy pair. In Jung’s Theory, they serve a bit of a different role. Perception simply refers to how you perceive the world. It takes in information and it doesn’t categorize it, it doesn’t make any judgments about it. It is only interested in what the things are that are being perceived and are coming into the personality, into your mind. Judgment, as it’s been laid out here, assigns some sort of value to these things. It categorizes them, it judges them. So these two are opposites, but they’re complimentary. 
Perception has two flavors, or there are two kinds of perception, and in the same way, there are two kinds of Judgment. There are slightly different theories about precisely the correct way to justify splitting them into two flavors, but for our purposes, we’ll just take it for granted and say Perception has two flavors. One is Sensing or Sensation. That’s the perception of what is actually there, the here and now. It has to do with the present, and it also has to do with concrete objects, a lot of the time. Whereas Intuition is a perception of the future, of underlying patterns, of the possibilities of things. That’s how I often try to refer to it. So Sensation is almost like a more direct line to the object, whereas Intuition tends to go around it to things that are implied by the object. So, Sensation is generally very concrete, down to earth. Intuition is very creative but can also be very head in the clouds about things. Those are two ways of just perceiving the object.
Judgment also has two kinds: Thinking and Feeling. It’s important to note that we use the terms Thinking and Feeling in a very different way from how they are more precisely used in Jung’s Theory. But as Ching has laid it out nicely here, Thinking is judgment of the quantifiable, and Feeling is judgment of the unquantifiable. There’s a correspondence, at least in my theory, my approach to it, between Thinking and Sensation and Feeling and Intuition. Thinking has to do with judging things in terms of rigid categories and logic, whereas Feeling has more to do with values, ethics, how you and other people are feeling. So that’s sort of the distinction.
Okay, so now we have four functions, and note we’ve just sort of built them beginning from Perception and Judgment, and we’ve built our way up to Sensation, Intuition, Thinking, and Feeling, which again you would recognize those from the MBTI, the Myers-Briggs test, and other tests online.”

The Dichotomy of Extraversion and Introversion

Michael: “So now we’re going to do the division game again. We’re going to introduce a new dichotomy, Introversion and Extraversion, and by doing that, we will multiply the four functions into eight cognitive functions. 
Extroversion is an attitude. It’s a focus on what we call ‘the object’. So I perhaps should have started with this, but just so you understand the terminology, the object is anything that is not you. It is the thing that you are focusing on, in order for anything to happen in psychology, you have to have an object and you have to have a subject. The subject is the mind, the subject is the person or the being that has the psychology going on inside them, as it were. And for every subject, there needs to be objects that that subject can think about and can focus on. For Extroversion, there is this, as it were, outward turning and outward focus towards the objects that are out there in the world. And Introversion is a turning inwards to the way that your own subject is. So in some sense, Introversion, you could say, is making an object of your own subject. But I don’t want to start getting into loops of language and so forth. The more important thing is the outward motion versus this inward motion.
And so we can split up Sensation and Thinking, and Feeling and Intuition via Extroversion and Introversion. So we would get extroverted sensation, introverted sensation, extroverted thinking, introverted thinking, so forth. 

You’ll notice in the little chart up here, they are abbreviations. So Fi would be Introverted Feeling. So the F is for Feeling, the T is for thinking, the S is for Sensation, and the N is for Intuition. Even though intuition starts with an I, it’s abbreviated with an N so it doesn’t get mixed up with Introversion. And then each of those has a little I for Introversion after it or a little E for Extraversion after it. So that’s the notation and how that works. It’s a lot faster to just write, say, Fe rather than Extroverted Feeling because that would get a lot of letters on the page.
So finally, we have eight cognitive functions. And now what we’re going to do is we’re going to arrange these functions in order to get 16 different personality types. Let’s just run over what these cognitive functions are and how they work.”

What is “Sensation”?

Michael: “There are two kinds of Sensation: Introverted and Extroverted. I’ll start with Extroverted Sensation. Going by our definitions, Extroverted Sensation would be sensation but directed outward, as it were. It is directed to objects in the here and now. Somebody who is using Extroverted Sensation is someone for whom that is the dominant function they prefer to use. There tends to be a very, as it were, carpe diem, YOLO, living in the moment, thriving on uncertainty. People who are Extroverted Sensing types in my experience thrive in situations where there’s a bit of chaos, and it can stress them out as well, but they’re often much better than introverted types at dealing with that because they’re just going moment by moment. They see what concretely is happening around them, and they just keep track of everything and flow in order to adapt to what is happening in the moment. So, you know, emergency workers, firefighters, police, a lot of people who have to deal with emergency situations. It doesn’t just have to be that. You can still find them in more academic disciplines at times, though that is usually through focus on other functions. So that’s Extroverted Sensation, very in the moment.
Introverted Sensation reverses that in an interesting way, because the sensation is directed inwards. So Introverted Sensation people, not in a political sense at all, per se, but there’s a kind of conservatism, they’re much slower and more removed from the outside world, as compared to the extroverted sensor. It is perception of the here and now but brought inwards. 

My mother, for example, is a dominant Introverted Sensation type, and she has a very sensitive palate. She usually does a lot of the cooking. She prefers to do the cooking because she can cook the things right. And every time we sit down to dinner, she will eat the food and she will be comparing what she is tasting here and now with these sort of ideal sensations that she has in her own mind. And she compares those sensations to that ideal sensation, and it’s that ideal sensation which is more real for her than the sensations in the here and now. And so she will taste and say, “This tastes like it has too much salt. This shouldn’t have as much salt as it does at the moment,” whereas I’m sitting there, and I’m like, “Oh, this is a salty dish“. But for her, it’s like, “No, it’s more salty than the way it should have salt”. And if you’re clever, you might notice there’s some relation with judgment, which I don’t really have time to get into that right now, but it’s a valid observation. So anyway, you get a conservatism there. It’s not “live-in-the-moment”. 
One of the other things my mother would do is when something flashy or wild or very quick would happen, she would take a moment and she would just say, “I’m just processing what just happened”. And she’s processing the sensory aspect of it. So they all also will often be very good journal keepers, very meticulous, able to remember all of the details and repeat those back.

What is “Intuition”?

Michael: “So now we move on to Intuition. We have Extroverted Intuition, which is a perception of implications and possibilities brought outwards. It is a focus on ideas and possibilities. Almost like they’re juggling a lot of different ideas at one time. But more importantly, it’s the fact that those ideas are out there. A better way of putting it is it’s almost like ideas are actual objects for them that exist outside of themselves and exist on their own. So the result of this is that ideas tend to diverge for them. From one observation, you can derive ten new and distinct ideas from it. So there’s this branching out, and it very quickly can turn into a kind of chaos for them. But it’s very, very fruitful because they will see all of the ways you can split up one topic into different topics. 

Introverted Intuition does sort of the opposite. Introverted intuition, because it turns inwards, has a tendency to see similarities between things to a certain extent and to say, “This idea is really just this idea if you put them next to each other.” You can sort of collapse things into each other. From 10 observations, you derive one sort of vision or one underlying principle. 
Extroverted Intuition is almost like, you have one point, and then you draw an infinite number of lines through that one point to show all of the different ways you can diverge from that one point. Whereas intuition or introverted intuition, you have say 10 points, and then you try to draw a line of best fit, if you know that from algebra, you try to draw a single line that sort of averages out all of those individual observations, and that is the single idea which is then kept in Introverted Intuition. 
So kind of like with Introverted Sensation where I mentioned this notion of having ideal sensations that you kind of use to organize the sensations in the outside world, similar idea with Introverted Intuition, but with ideas, you have sort of a single idea that you are relating things back to. So Extroverted Intuition is stereotypically… it doesn’t necessarily look like this, but stereotypically, lots of different ideas. Very kind of scattered brains, running all over the place, whereas introverted intuition is like, “I have the eyes that stare into your soul,” you know, kind of like the chess grandmaster or something like that.”

What is “Thinking”?

Michael: “Thinking is judgment that is based on logic and facts, and it’s broader than that, but that’s the quickest way to explain it. So Extroverted Thinking is very goal-oriented. It’s very, “I want to accomplish things out there in the world. I want to organize the actual materials or people or resources that I see outside of me. I want to work with the external facts of a situation. Here’s where we should go with something. Here’s how we make things more efficient.’”
Ching: “Everyone always has this mindset that Extraversion means party animal, you know? So when I meet someone and I say, ‘Oh, I think you have a very strong Extraverted Thinking,’ they often say, ‘Oh, I’m not an extrovert. I’m just doing all the work in the background,’ but it is precisely the fact that they are doing all the work that is the Extroversion, and that is the Jungian definition of Extroversion that is that we don’t really use nowadays.”
Michael: “Thank you, Ching. Yes, that’s a very good point. It’s important to leave aside some of your preconceptions about what Extroversion and Introversion mean in order to properly understand these. You can get people who will seem very introverted in a colloquial sense, in an everyday sense, but the way that their mind actually functions would be described better by one of the extroverted functions. Perhaps, and as we shall see soon, everybody has extroverted sides and introverted sides. It’s just a matter of how they are arranged in relation to each other. So it’s never as simple as whether  you’re a party animal or you want to stay home and read books. 

So that’s Extroverted thinking, very pragmatic. Introverted Thinking, again, we have this idea where it’s almost the thinking idea inside of one’s own subject which takes precedence over the facts out there. So there’s a focus on refining logical ideas, refining and making those ideas perfectly precise, pure mathematics almost all the time. That’s where you’re going to find more Introverted Thinking types. But they’re much more interested in the theory and in making things logical and consistent, and then taking that theory and then after the fact applying it to what’s going on out there. 
They’re always much more interested in making the definitions and ideas more precise. Rene Descartes, a French philosopher, he’s famous for saying, “I think, therefore, I am”. That is very introverted thinking because what he literally did was said, “I can’t trust any of my external knowledge of the outside world because, you know, it’s possible that I am deceived or I’m hallucinating or I’m dreaming or something. All I can trust, and what is more real for me, is my own thoughts, my own principles that I’ve developed.” This is very introverted thinking. So that’s how those two go. You kind of have this difference between theory and practice, which would be a very general way of differentiating them.”

What is “Feeling”?

Michael: “Finally, we have Feeling. Extroverted Feeling is a feeling which is sort of directed outwards. It is objectified. Extroverted Feeling will generally be much more naturally outwardly expressive. It will be in tune with what expressions are the most socially acceptable or most harmonious to the needs of the group. 
Ching wrote a nice little thing, actually, a very nice little description here: “Each individual is one Mosaic of a beautiful group dance, and everyone needs to play their part.” That’s great. The dance especially is a great way of putting it because you have this notion of the need to not focus on how you’re feeling or your own feelings, but to harmonize with the group and to try to promote the feelings of the group as a whole. So you see there’s this movement outwards in terms of one’s ethics. When someone has dominated Extroverted Feeling, there will often be this sort of blurring of the line where they will be literally feeling what they think should be felt. And if they’re not feeling what should be felt, then they’re like, “Something’s wrong. If I’m not crying at a funeral, something’s probably wrong. This isn’t how you’re supposed to feel objectively in this situation”. They also don’t say certain things to certain people because they think they’re just going to screw everything up. 

Introverted Feeling is where the feeling is directed inwards. You have to get past some of the connotations of the language because when I say they’re much more focused on how they are feeling, it sounds as though they’re self-absorbed and selfish. And from the Extroverted Feeling perspective, they are. From that perspective, that’s what’s going on. But then that gets challenged when you find that some of the most empathetic and self-sacrificing people I’ve met have been Introverted Feeling types. And that’s because it sort of messes with the selfishness-selflessness division. 
Introverted feeling is that feeling which is internal or individual to you. If you’re crying at a funeral because you knew the person and you had a personal connection with them and you are genuinely, like, this is how I feel regardless of how everybody else is feeling, that’s good because that indicates that you are more in alignment with your own feelings and your own soul. But if you’re just crying at the funeral because that’s what you’re supposed to do, then that’s like, who are you? You’re like an empty shell. I once had an argument with a friend of mine who wasn’t a dominant Introverted Feeling, but they had that in there as one of their major functions, and they were always asking me, like, “So, how do you feel about this or that controversial issue?” And I, being more Extroverted Feeling, was always like, “I don’t really want to answer that .. What’s more important is how are you going to react to how I feel about such and such”. As far as my feelings go, those just seem so ephemeral and so kind of unrelated to the topic… and it would turn into just us arguing over whose feelings are right, and that wasn’t useful. But that wasn’t how she thought about the things. So, that’s your crash course in the eight functions.“

How are cognitive functions organized to form personality types?

Michael: “The way that the functions are organized in a personality is that you have four function slots. You have the dominant function, you have the auxiliary function, the tertiary function, and the primitive or inferior function. We’ll start with the dominant. 

The dominant function is the one that most defines you and the way that you tend to think. It’s the one that you use the most. Nicely compared with walking here, which I know is drawn from the book. Thank you, Ching. Yes, it’s the most easy and natural thing for you to do. In some cases, it can be so natural that the person will not even notice that that is definitely their mode of thinking, and that can actually sometimes be a bit of a challenge in typing people or at least in self-typing. But in any case, that’s sort of the easiest one to understand in a lot of ways.
But in order to function as a person in general, you can’t just have one function, because you need multiple ways to see and to situate yourself in reality. So you have to start off with the auxiliary function, which compensates for your dominant function. So there’s always a bit of opposition there. The auxiliary function nicely compares to swimming; it requires more effort to do it, but you can do it, and it’s very useful for you to orient yourself in society. 
For example, I believe my dominant function is introverted intuition, so that’s what I sort of just do in the background all the time naturally. My auxiliary function is Extroverted Feeling. That is what helps compensate for my Introverted Intuition so that I’m not just sitting in my room, staring, and reading a text and trying to understand the secrets of the universe. I can actually go out and buy food and act like a normal human being. That’s a silly way of putting it, but more importantly, I associate it with my ability to situate myself in relation to other people and also a concern with social harmony.”
Ching: “The Fe auxiliary really helps you in a teaching role because you’re always focused on translating that vision to something that’s palatable to the people we are speaking to, or tailoring it specifically to the people you are talking to.”
Michael: “Exactly, yes. It’s not the thing that you’re naturally doing; it’s something that assists your dominant function with what it wants to do.
Then you get the tertiary function. The tertiary function is something that you are very interested in, but you may not realize that you’re not actually the best there ever was at it. There can often be a bit of overestimation of one’s abilities with the tertiary function. It’s like the term here, the action metaphor, is lusting. Though you might associate it more with infatuation or fascination, you’re attracted to it, and yet it’s one-dimensional in your understanding of it, which sometimes can be a benefit. But you’re not actually, if you go up against somebody who is dominant in that function, it often becomes clear where the weaknesses lie or where the naivete lies, where the lack of cultivation there lies. 
So my tertiary function is Introverted Thinking, and you can see this, say, in my book where I’m creating these strict structures that are very Introverted Thinking, very logical, and they build one thing after the other. So my natural tendency would be to say, “Wow, it’s like I’m an Introverted Thinking type. I’m the master at ‘logic’ and figuring things out.” And then you compare it with my father, who is an Introverted Thinking dominant type, and he is an actual mathematician, and he can manipulate concepts and logical concepts in a way that is just completely out of my league. But in a way, he’s much more… he would not make some of the bold leaps that I make in Introverted Thinking precisely because he’s more of a veteran with it. So there’s a trade-off there. So that’s sort of scratching the surface of auxiliary and tertiary. I hope that maybe helps to differentiate them a bit.”
Ching: “Oh, maybe just one point I can add to that. So, in Chinese, there is a phrase that goes “showing off in front of a master”. I use this phrase to help people differentiate between dominant and tertiary because basically when the first person, you know, who uses the tertiary function meets someone who is using it in a dominant way, they would be exactly that phrase where you are showing off in front of this master.”
Michael: “Yeah, I really like that because that’s exactly what happens, that’s actually a very good phrase.”
Ching: “And also, I can think of some examples. For instance, there’s a friend of mine who is an ENFJ, and she said her boyfriend is an ESTP. The ESTP’s tertiary function is extroverted feeling, making him a super party animal and a social butterfly. He’s always friendly, saying “Hey, what’s up?” to everyone and making everyone laugh. My ENFJ friend feels that he doesn’t need to be that friendly to everyone. In fact, she believes he may encourage inappropriate behaviors or enable the wrong people to become popular by focusing on only one aspect of the tertiary function.” 
Michael: “Yes, that’s very good, and in some sense, there is a descending order of maturity to the functions, is another way of characterizing it. The dominant function is your most mature function, the auxiliary function is pretty mature, but it’s almost like the assistant to the hero. The tertiary is much younger, much less experienced, and finally, you get the inferior function, which is the least experienced and often the most… all-or-nothing, in a lot of ways. You compared it to tiptoeing, which is very nice, difficult, and low payoff. One may get away with suppressing and ignoring it altogether. It can be a worthwhile challenge if one wishes to turn all weaknesses and blind spots into strengths and also a source of unusual elegance. 
So all of the functions have a function, which is the most directly opposite to it. The dominant function represses its opposite function, and its opposite function thereby becomes the inferior function. So introverted intuition is opposed to extroverted sensation, because extroverted sensation has to do with the actual objects outside of me, whereas introverted intuition has to do with the ideas inside of me. So you have this repression between the two of them, and yet it’s sort of a yin-yang, complementary association between them because you can’t have one without the other. 
You get a similar opposition between the auxiliary and the tertiary, where you’ll have somebody who, say, with the ESTP example that Ching gave, the ESTP is much better with Introverted Thinking, and they’ll use that in order to organize their life and give themselves principles of action. But especially as they get older, they’ll become more infatuated with Extroverted Feeling and almost think that is more important and want to associate more with that than with the introverted thinking, which they’re much better at. So, there’s this element of natural ability, self-awareness, engagement. 
That’s sort of the organization for the different types. So you get 16 types, in which each type has four functions, and these different slots. The reason that there are only 16 types built from eight functions is because of the natural oppositions I mentioned, where if you have Ni as your dominant function, you must have Se as your inferior function. That’s just they always go together in that way. And you can… if you have a perceiving function as your dominant, then you have to have a judging function as your auxiliary. So you get these natural oppositions, and in this almost very geometrical, mathematical way, it works out, so you only end up getting 16 distinct types.”

Psychological Types #4: “NEUROSCIENCE OF PERSONALITY”

Gain deeper insights into personality in terms of recent neuroscience discoveries.

Brain science

Rating: 5 out of 5.

By Dario Nardi –
Award-winning UCLA Instructor, Consultant, and Author

Yehuda Ben Jehoshua –
Creative Director, Personal Coach

Building upon the previous courses in the series, this course delves deeper into the implications and findings of 15 years of hands-on neuroscience research. By utilizing EEG technology, which provides valuable insights into brain activity, this course offers a comprehensive understanding of the neural underpinnings of personality. With over 500 participants from diverse backgrounds, the research aligns with established neuroscience while enhancing our comprehension of personality types as patterns of cognitive preferences. Through engaging tasks and downloadable resources, you will gain a deeper understanding of how your brain functions.

The course delves into the typical brain differences and similarities among individuals with various personality types. It also highlights the influence of factors such as cultural upbringing, career choices, and work environments on brain wiring. By examining emotions and their impact on perception, motivation, cognition, and behavior, this course sheds light on a neglected aspect within the Myers-Briggs framework. By the end, you will have a deeper understanding of the neurological foundations of personality and how they align with Dr. Carl Jung’s theories. Technical complexity is minimized, ensuring a gentle learning curve and facilitating comprehension through the use of visual aids.

Usual Price: $200

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This curated course is now even more affordable, only available through our site!

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This course includes:

  • 5 hours on-demand video
  • 41 downloadable resources
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  • Certificate of completion

+ Direct Access to Instructor’ Live Support Group

+ Student Community!

Course’s release schedule to be confirmed, subscribed to be the first to know!

Refund policy: 30-day money back guarantee!

Meet the Experts

Dario Nardi

Dario Nardi Ph.D., a distinguished UCLA instructor, consultant, and award-winning author, brings a wealth of expertise in the fields of learning, group facilitation, and simulation. Drawing on his extensive lab research in neuroscience, personality, and body-mind practices, he offers dynamic workshops and has authored numerous influential books. Some of his notable titles include “Neuroscience of Personality,” “The Magic Diamond,” “Jung on Yoga,” “8 Keys to Self-Leadership,” “Facets of Ayahuasca,” and many more.

Dario’s creative talents extend beyond the realm of writing, as he has also authored interactive novellas and designed the popular Radiance RPG table-top game. With a diverse background, Dario has lived in Barbados, Japan, Norway, and the United States, enriching his understanding of different cultures. Additionally, he received his initial training in shamanism at the prestigious Scandinavian Center for Shamanic Studies.

Yehuda Ben Jehoshua

Yehuda Ben Jehoshua is a highly accomplished media director/producer, organizational meditator, and creativity life coach, renowned for his exceptional contributions in these fields. With an impressive three decades of experience spanning various countries including the USA, United Kingdom, Israel, Brazil, and more, Yehuda has acquired a deep understanding of global cultures and their nuances.

Throughout his diverse career, which has encompassed fields such as law, psychology, and film, Yehuda has consistently applied principles of innovation and mediation to enhance media products and positively transform people’s lives. He skillfully combines his expertise in these areas to craft compelling narratives that captivate audiences and deliver meaningful messages. His work leaves a lasting impression on clients and audiences alike.

Testimonials

I’m so excited for this course. Dr Nardi has a wonderfully developed talent for explaining complex topics in a way that everyone can understand.

Matt S.

Yehuda Ben Jehoshua has created an excellent course with Dario Nardi! Dario’s exploration of the neuroscience behind MBTI is incredibly informative and eye-opening. His expertise and research offer a deep dive into this fascinating topic, providing insight into its complexities in an accessible and understandable way.

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*The special price is subjected to availability, on a first-come-first-served basis!
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Coming Soon

Psychological Types #3 : “COACHING TEAMS, LEADERS & CHANGE”

Facilitate change and growth using pro-tools and fun, challenging, and creative activities.

Rating: 5 out of 5.

By Dario Nardi –
Award-winning UCLA Instructor, Consultant, and Author

Yehuda Ben Jehoshua –
Creative Director, Personal Coach

This transformative course explores the application of the 16-types framework in coaching, enabling individuals to engage in self-coaching and benefit from the exercises and ideas presented. With a focus on Teams, Leadership, and Change (TLC), the course emphasizes the developmental nature of personality types and encourages personal growth. The course guides learners through coaching fundamentals, the four temperaments, and the four interaction styles associated with each temperament, resulting in a comprehensive understanding of the 16 types.

Through this course, participants explore nine self-leadership behaviors linked to the enneagram, receiving type-specific advice for personal growth. Engage in nine in-depth coaching exercises, supported by step-by-step worksheets, to foster personal growth and facilitate growth in others. Benefit from the expertise of professionals in coaching and consulting, as well as the wealth of course materials derived from years of workshop facilitation and brain imaging research. This course equips you with a comprehensive toolbox to support your ongoing journey of personal and professional development.

Usual Price: $200

OHM Special Offer

This curated course is now even more affordable, only available through our site!

$89

This course includes:

  • 5 hours on-demand video
  • 41 downloadable resources
  • Access on mobile and TV
  • Full lifetime access
  • Certificate of completion

+ Direct Access to Instructor’ Live Support Group

+ Student Community!

Course’s release schedule to be confirmed, subscribed to be the first to know!

Refund policy: 30-day money back guarantee!

Meet the Experts

Dario Nardi

Dario Nardi Ph.D., a distinguished UCLA instructor, consultant, and award-winning author, brings a wealth of expertise in the fields of learning, group facilitation, and simulation. Drawing on his extensive lab research in neuroscience, personality, and body-mind practices, he offers dynamic workshops and has authored numerous influential books. Some of his notable titles include “Neuroscience of Personality,” “The Magic Diamond,” “Jung on Yoga,” “8 Keys to Self-Leadership,” “Facets of Ayahuasca,” and many more.

Dario’s creative talents extend beyond the realm of writing, as he has also authored interactive novellas and designed the popular Radiance RPG table-top game. With a diverse background, Dario has lived in Barbados, Japan, Norway, and the United States, enriching his understanding of different cultures. Additionally, he received his initial training in shamanism at the prestigious Scandinavian Center for Shamanic Studies.

Yehuda Ben Jehoshua

Yehuda Ben Jehoshua is a highly accomplished media director/producer, organizational meditator, and creativity life coach, renowned for his exceptional contributions in these fields. With an impressive three decades of experience spanning various countries including the USA, United Kingdom, Israel, Brazil, and more, Yehuda has acquired a deep understanding of global cultures and their nuances.

Throughout his diverse career, which has encompassed fields such as law, psychology, and film, Yehuda has consistently applied principles of innovation and mediation to enhance media products and positively transform people’s lives. He skillfully combines his expertise in these areas to craft compelling narratives that captivate audiences and deliver meaningful messages. His work leaves a lasting impression on clients and audiences alike.

Testimonials

This course on coaching teams, leaders & change with the MBTI is an invaluable resource for any individual looking to gain a greater understanding of the use of personality types. Dario Nardi and Yehuda Ben Jehoshua have done a phenomenal job curating this information in an accessible and comprehensive way that is sure to be beneficial for many.

Joyce M.

Transform your life with the ultimate course on Myers-Briggs and Jungian psychological types today!

*The special price is subjected to availability, on a first-come-first-served basis!
30-day money-satisfaction guaranteed!

Coming soon!

Executive (ESTJ) – Type Description

ESTJ is one of the 16 Myers & Briggs personality types, characterized by extraversion, sensing, thinking, and judging. ESTJs, also known as the “executives” or “supervisors”, are natural-born leaders who thrive in organized and structured environments. They are practical, efficient, and dependable, always striving for excellence in their endeavors. ESTJs have a strong work ethic and sense of duty, and take their responsibilities seriously, whether it be in their personal or professional lives. They are confident and assertive, and they have a natural talent for organizing and delegating tasks to ensure efficient execution.

ESTJs are known for their decisive nature and their ability to make tough decisions with clarity and efficiency. They value rules, tradition and order, and expect others to adhere to them as well. They have a no-nonsense approach to problem-solving and are not afraid to confront challenges head-on. They are confident in their abilities and have a natural talent for leading and motivating others to achieve a common goal. ESTJs are also known for their loyalty and dedication to their friends, family, and organizations, and they will go above and beyond to ensure the success of their team or group.

Cognitive Functions of ESTJs:

To gain insight into the characteristics of ESTJ personalities, it is helpful to understand the dominant and auxiliary cognitive functions that drive them. According to the MBTI system, each personality type has a set of cognitive functions that they use most frequently, which leads to consistent patterns and characteristics. For ESTJs, 

Dominant Te: Extraverted Thinking (Te) function relies on empirical data and understanding of external systems. People who have a dominant Te function are logical and analytical in their approach, focus on objective data, and prioritize rationality over personal feelings or emotions.

ESTJs use their dominant Te to take control and organize the external world around them. This function gives them the ability to make quick and efficient decisions and plans by utilizing all the information available to them, rather than being passive in their approach. It helps ESTJs in finding practical solutions to problems, streamlining processes, and achieving tangible outcomes. 

Auxiliary Si: Individuals who use the Introverted Sensing (Si) function have an organized internal world and a highly accurate memory of past experiences and sensations. ESTJs use their auxiliary Si to create categories in their minds to sort and keep track of important information and data, processed by their dominant Te. By remembering their past successful experiences and following the same strategies and behaviors to recreate those experiences, they are able to create a sense of stability and predictability in their lives.

Due to ESTJs’ focus on these dominant and auxiliary functions, their Intuition and Feeling functions are less developed, which can lead to a lack of intuitive or abstract thinking (Intuition), understanding and expressing emotions, empathizing with others, and understanding the emotional impact of their decisions on others (Feeling).

Strengths

Like all personality types, ESTJs also have their own unique set of strengths, some of which include the following.

  • Strong leadership skills: ESTJs make great leaders due to their ability to efficiently manage people and resources. Their Te helps them see the best course of action, make quick logical decisions in the moment, and take charge to achieve desired outcomes.
  • Efficient and result-oriented: ESTJs’ Te and Si work in tandem to make them efficient and result-oriented. Their Te helps them analyze information objectively, and identify what works and what doesn’t. Their Si provides them with a structured approach to problem-solving, helping them implement proven strategies for achieving tangible results. 
  • Direct and honest communication: ESTJs’ Te influences their direct and honest communication style. They value logic and rationality over emotions, preferring to address conflicts and issues directly rather than avoiding them, which can lead to effective resolution and progress.
  • Appreciation for rules and structure: ESTJs’ Si contributes to their appreciation for rules and procedures, which are often based on proven methods and past experiences. They are committed to upholding standards and maintaining order by adhering to laws, regulations, and ordinances.
  • Dedicated and reliable: ESTJs’ diligent approach to upholding standards and their unwavering commitment to their responsibilities make them extremely reliable and trustworthy, both in their personal and professional lives. 

Weaknesses

ESTJs may have some potential weaknesses that could impact their personal life, relationships, as well as their performance in their workplace. These weaknesses may include the following.

  • Judgmental: ESTJs create mental categories of what is right and what is wrong based on their past experiences (due to their Si) and may be judgmental of those who deviate from these norms. They may try to impose their ideas of morality on others and can be intolerant of different perspectives or lifestyles.
  • Discomfort with emotions: As logical and rational thinkers, ESTJs may find it challenging to navigate or express their own emotions and understand the emotions of others. They have a weak Feeling function, leading to difficulties in connecting with others on an emotional level.
  • Rigidity and inflexibility: ESTJs can be stubborn and resistant to change, often holding firm to their own opinions and beliefs, due to their Si. They may struggle to adapt to new or unexpected situations and can be inflexible in their approach, insisting on their own way of doing things.
  • Bossy and commanding behavior: ESTJs are natural-born leaders with strong organizational skills and a desire for efficiency. However, their assertive and authoritative nature may come across as bossy or overbearing, which can be perceived as controlling or intimidating by others.
  • Struggle with relaxation and perfectionism: ESTJs often have high expectations for themselves and others, driven by their strong work ethic and sense of duty. They may struggle with perfectionism, constantly striving for excellence and finding it difficult to relax or engage in leisure activities.

Career choice

ESTJs thrive in structured environments that value rules and regulations, set clear expectations, and require strong leadership and decision making skills. Some suitable careers for them include:

  • C-level executives: ESTJs’ strong leadership skills, ability to make tough decisions, and natural inclination towards organization make them well-suited for executive or managerial roles in various industries. They can excel as CEOs, COOs, CFOs, or other C-level executives, as well as managers in different functional areas, driving organizational success.
  • Financial Analysts or accountants: ESTJs’ logical thinking and ability to manage resources make them suitable for careers in accounting. They can excel in roles that require analyzing financial data, creating budgets, managing expenses, and ensuring compliance with financial regulations.
  • Project Managers: ESTJs’ result-oriented nature, combined with their excellent organizational skills, makes them ideal candidates for project management roles. They can effectively oversee projects, allocate resources, set goals, and ensure timely completion of tasks.
  • Government administrators: ESTJs’ ability to create order, coordinate teams, and uphold ethical standards makes them suitable for roles as government administrators or civil servants. They can oversee government operations, enforcing policies, and serving the public interest.
  • Military or law enforcement officers: ESTJs possess a strong sense of duty, affinity towards rules and regulations, and the ability to maintain discipline, all of which makes them well-suited for careers in the military or law enforcement. 

ESTJs may face challenges in careers that lack structure, involve frequent changes, or do not have clear rules and regulations. Creative or artistic fields, counseling or therapy careers that require high emotional intelligence, entrepreneurial ventures with high risk, research or academic fields with ambiguity, and non-profit or advocacy work involving conflicting values or ethical dilemmas may be less suitable for ESTJs.

Relationships

ESTJs in relationships tend to be very honest and straightforward right from the start. They know what they want and they are not afraid to communicate their expectations and boundaries clearly. They look for a partner who shares their values, interests, and goals. When they find the right person, they put in the effort required for the relationship to succeed, and efficiently manage any issues that may arise along the way. 

While ESTJs may not be the most romantic or emotionally expressive partners, they make up for it with their dedication and stability in the relationship. As a way of showing affection, they often take on the role of a protector or provider in their relationships, striving to ensure that their partner and family are well taken care of. In order to have fun with their partners, ESTJs tend to rely on familiar experiences and activities that they enjoyed in the past, thinking their partners will enjoy them as well.

ESTJ parents may struggle with being overly strict or controlling at times, but they also provide a stable and structured environment for their children to thrive. They often emphasize the importance of education, tradition, duty, and hard work, and strive to instill these values in their children from an early age.

In conclusion, ESTJs are a practical, efficient, and dependable personality type that values structure, order, and tradition. They are natural leaders who excel in management and organizational roles, and have a strong sense of responsibility towards their obligations. While they may sometimes come across as rigid or inflexible, they are capable of adapting to changing circumstances and are always focused on finding practical solutions to problems. All in all, ESTJs are pillars of perseverance and leadership, and their unique strengths make them an essential part of their organizations and communities.

Caregiver (ESFJ) – Type Description

ESFJ is one of the 16 Myers & Briggs personality types, characterized by extraversion, sensing, feeling, and judging. ESFJs, also known as the “caregivers”, have a warm, caring, and empathetic nature. They are friendly and outgoing, and they take pleasure in ensuring that everyone is having a good time. They are highly attuned to the needs of others and are great at picking up on people’s emotions and moods. Despite their sociable nature, they are not just surface-level acquaintances. ESFJs form meaningful, long-lasting relationships and are dependable when others require assistance or someone to confide in. 

ESFJs are considerate and responsible towards others and understand that their actions can have an impact on those around them. They possess a clear sense of morality and may find it perplexing when others behave in ways that conflict with their values. ESFJs are also well-organized and are great at following rules and procedures. They are loyal not just to their friends and family, but also to their employers and organizations. They are the ultimate team players and will do whatever it takes to ensure the success of their group or organization.

Cognitive Functions of ESFJs:

To gain insight into the characteristics of ESFJ personalities, it is helpful to understand the dominant and auxiliary cognitive functions that drive them. According to the MBTI system, each personality type has a set of cognitive functions that they use most frequently, which leads to consistent patterns and characteristics. For ESFJs, 

Dominant Fe: Individuals who have dominant Extraverted Feeling (Fe) function use it to gauge the emotional atmosphere of a group and evaluate the impact of their own behavior on others. They gather information about others’ feelings and thoughts based on subtle cues such as tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions. Based on this information, they adjust their own behavior and actions accordingly in order to create a more positive and harmonious environment. Dominant Fe helps ESFJs to be sensitive to others’ needs, to be tactful in their communication and to be able to empathize with others.

Auxiliary Si: Individuals who use the Introverted Sensing (Si) function have an organized internal world and a highly accurate memory of past experiences and sensations. ESFJs use their auxiliary Si to create categories in their minds to sort and keep track of important information, gathered by their dominant Fe, related to people and their relationships with them. By remembering their past positive experiences and following the same behaviors to recreate those experiences, they are able to create a sense of stability and predictability in their lives.

Due to ESFJs’ focus on these dominant and auxiliary functions, their Intuition and Thinking functions are less developed, which can lead to a lack of intuitive or abstract thinking (intuition), strategic planning and rational decision making (thinking). 

Strengths

Like all personality types, ESFJs also have their own unique set of strengths, some of which include the following.

  • Sociable: ESFJs are naturally sociable and enjoy being around people. They are skilled at reading others’ emotions due to their Fe, and can adapt their communication style to suit different personalities and situations. They are warm, approachable, and skilled at making others feel at ease.
  • Dutiful and responsible: ESFJs are known for being hardworking and reliable, as they have a strong sense of duty and responsibility. They take their obligations seriously and strive to fulfill them to the best of their ability. 
  • Practical and methodical: ESFJs are highly practical and methodical individuals who leave nothing to chance. They carefully plan and organize everything to effectively manage day-to-day tasks, and ensure that everything is done efficiently.
  • Loyal and trustworthy: ESFJs are known for their commitment to their personal and work relationships. They value loyalty and faithfulness in others and strive to demonstrate these qualities themselves. They are seen as dependable and trustworthy friends, partners, and employees.
  • Empathetic and sensitive: ESFJs have a strong sense of empathy and are skilled at connecting with others on an emotional level. They are sensitive, warm, and caring individuals, and make excellent team players who foster a positive and supportive work environment.

Weaknesses

ESFJs may have some potential weaknesses that could impact their personal life, relationships, as well as their performance in their workplace. These weaknesses may include the following.

  • Sensitivity to critique: ESFJs struggle to separate their personal worth from their work and can be sensitive to criticism. They strongly believe in their established ways of doing things due to their Si, and can see critiques as an attack on their personal beliefs and values. 
  • Validation-seeking behavior: ESFJs have a tendency to tie their self-worth to the praise and acknowledgment they receive from others. They may seek validation by fishing for compliments and may feel demotivated when they don’t receive the recognition they believe they deserve.
  • Judgmental: ESFJs create mental categories of what is right and what is wrong based on their past experiences (due to their Si) and may be judgmental of those who deviate from these norms. They may try to impose their ideas of morality on others and can be intolerant of different perspectives or lifestyles.
  • Overly nurturing: ESFJs may have a tendency to be too caring and nurturing, to the point where they neglect their own needs. They may shower others with attention and help, even when it’s not needed, which can lead to burnout and exhaustion.
  • Resistance to improvisation: ESFJs may be hesitant to step out of their comfort zone and may be resistant to change. They may prefer to stick to familiar routines and ways of doing things due to their Si, which can limit their adaptability and creativity in problem-solving.

Career choice

ESFJs excel in careers that involve working with people and require a high level of responsibility, dependability, and attention to detail. Some suitable career paths for ESFJs include:

  • Healthcare: ESFJs are compassionate, empathetic, and have a natural inclination towards helping others, which makes them well-suited for careers in healthcare, such as nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or social work.
  • Education: ESFJ teachers are adept at creating a supportive and encouraging classroom environment that helps students feel comfortable and confident. They take pride in their students’ success and are motivated by the sense of fulfillment that comes from helping them reach their full potential.
  • Customer Service: ESFJs have excellent people skills and enjoy interacting with others, which makes them ideal for customer service positions, such as customer service representatives, hospitality and tourism, and sales.
  • Administrative roles: ESFJs are dependable, organized, and detail-oriented, making them well-suited for administrative roles such as executive assistants, project coordinators, or office managers.
  • Law Enforcement: ESFJs’ sense of duty, attention to detail, and commitment to justice make them well-suited for careers in law enforcement, such as police officers or correctional officers.
  • Human resources: ESFJs make great HR managers due to their natural talent for reading people, managing conflict, and finding practical solutions to problems. They are committed to upholding company values and have a strong sense of fairness and justice, making them great at this role.

ESFJs may find careers that involve working independently or require a high degree of analytical or abstract thinking challenging. Careers such as research, entrepreneurship, or roles in technology may not be as suitable for ESFJs as they typically prefer to work in structured and organized environments.

Relationships

ESFJs are known to be extremely devoted and loyal partners, always looking for someone who shares their values and beliefs. They often prefer traditional gender roles in relationships, and once they feel they have found the right person, they quickly start envisioning a future together, often planning for the long term. However, ESFJs can be influenced by social status and others’ approval, which can sometimes affect their choice of a partner.

ESFJs excel at managing practical aspects of life, such as finances and day-to-day tasks. Stability and predictability are important to them, and they need to feel that their partner is fully invested and supportive of their goals. They thrive in relationships where they feel valued and appreciated, but can become needy if they do not receive this validation. They are also uncomfortable with conflict and may compromise on their own beliefs and feelings to keep the peace in their relationship, which ultimately leads to unhappiness. 

ESFJs are compassionate but firm parents who are deeply invested in their child’s lives and decisions. They are willing to go above and beyond to provide their children with all the necessities and resources they need to succeed. Consistent in their parenting style, they provide a stable environment for their children to thrive in. While they take immense pride in their child’s successes, they may feel a sense of personal failure when their child doesn’t meet their expectations. However, they are deeply attuned to their children’s feelings and needs, always available to offer emotional guidance and practical support. 

In conclusion, ESFJs are nurturing and empathetic individuals who prioritize practicality and stability in their personal and professional lives. They are natural caregivers, who are devoted to their families, friends, and communities, and take great pride in providing for their loved ones. While they can be sensitive to criticism and conflict, they are skilled at managing practical aspects of life, and excel in careers that involve working with people. ESFJs serve as an inspiration for their unwavering commitment to the people and causes they care about, and their desire to create a world that is safe, secure, and harmonious for all. 

Entrepreneur (ESTP) – Type Description

ESTP is one of the 16 Myers & Briggs personality types, characterized by extraversion, sensing, thinking, and perceiving. ESTPs, also known as “entrepreneurs” or “doers”, are known for their spontaneous, assertive, and daring nature. They are action-oriented individuals who thrive in high-stress situations and are always looking for the next adventure. ESTPs enjoy being the center of attention and possess a natural charisma that makes them great communicators and motivators. They have a witty sense of humor, but can be a little blunt at times which may rub others the wrong way. 

ESTPs are highly skilled at thinking on their feet and improvising in difficult situations.  They are quick to observe any changes or shifts in their surroundings, and pick up on subtle cues in people’s tone, behavior, or body language. They prefer to deal with situations head-on, and they may not always sugarcoat their words or actions. They value efficiency and results and are not afraid to break the rules or challenge authority if they feel it will lead to a positive outcome. However, their impulsive nature can also lead them to make hasty decisions or act without thinking, which can sometimes lead to negative consequences. 

Cognitive Functions of ESTPs:

To gain insight into the characteristics of ESTP personalities, it is helpful to understand the dominant and auxiliary cognitive functions that drive them. According to the MBTI system, each personality type has a set of cognitive functions that they use most frequently, which leads to consistent patterns and characteristics. For ESTPs, 

Dominant Se: Extraverted Sensing (Se) directs an individual’s focus on the concrete details in the external environment, prioritizing  immediate physical experiences. It is about being present in the moment, taking in information from the environment through the five senses, and responding to it in a spontaneous and adaptable way.  Dominant Se individuals often act on their impulses as soon as they arise, figuring things out as they go instead of planning too far ahead.

Auxiliary Ti: Introverted Thinking (Ti) allows individuals to analyze their thoughts in a logical and systematic way, and identify any inconsistencies in their own reasoning. Ti as an auxiliary function helps ESTPs critically evaluate the information they gather through their five senses (Se). It controls their impulsive tendencies by determining the best course of action in the larger scheme of things, allowing for a balance between spontaneity and practicality. 

Due to ESTPs’ focus on these dominant and auxiliary functions, their Intuition and Feeling functions are less developed, which can lead to a lack of intuitive or abstract thinking (Intuition), understanding and expressing emotions, and empathizing with others (Feeling). 

Strengths

Like all personality types, ESTPs also have their own unique set of strengths, some of which include the following.

  • Decisive and Action-Oriented: ESTPs have a can-do attitude and are known for being decisive and action-oriented. They respond well to their physical environment and know how to maneuver the world around them.
  • Bold and Competitive: ESTPs are efficient, clever, bold, and are willing to take risks to achieve their objectives. Their mental toughness and sense of competition make them driven and relentless in pursuing their goals.
  • Observant and perceptive: ESTPs have a keen sense of observation and can easily pick up on subtle details using their dominant Se. They are able to read people well and understand their motivations, which makes them effective communicators and negotiators.
  • Sociable: ESTPs are outgoing and enjoy being around people. They have a natural charisma that makes them popular and well-liked. They are comfortable in social situations and are easily able to make connections with others. 
  • Practical and innovative: ESTPs have a natural talent for finding practical solutions to problems. They are innovative and resourceful, using their bold and quick thinking to come up with unique solutions.

Weaknesses

ESTPs may have some potential weaknesses that could impact their personal life, relationships, as well as their performance in their workplace. These weaknesses may include the following.

  • Uncomfortable with feelings: ESTPs tend to prioritize objective data over subjective experiences, and may feel awkward in emotionally charged situations. They may struggle to express their own feelings or connect with others on an emotional level. When attempting to offer comfort or support, they may struggle to find the right words or come across as cold or uncaring.
  • Blunt and insensitive communication: ESTPs have a tendency to be brutally honest and come across as insensitive or callous when expressing their opinions. They may also pry into others’ personal lives without realizing they are crossing boundaries, which can cause tension with others, particularly in the workplace.
  • Impatience: ESTPs are highly driven individuals who prefer to work at a fast pace. They may become impatient with those who do not think as quickly or struggle to keep up with their energetic approach. Their need for speed can make it challenging to work effectively in teams or with colleagues who have a different working style. 
  • Resistance to rules and authority: ESTPs find it tedious to follow rules and protocols, preferring to find their own way to achieve results. This can lead them to break rules and disregard authority, which can have serious consequences in professional and personal settings.
  • Short-sightedness: ESTPs are hands-on and prefer to focus on the present moment rather than thinking about long-term consequences of their actions. This impulsiveness can lead to risky behaviors and decisions, potentially harming not only themselves but also their organization or team.

Career choice

ESTPs, with their energetic and action-oriented nature, tend to excel in careers that allow them to apply their practical skills and think on their feet. Here are some suitable career options for ESTPs:

  • Entrepreneurs: ESTPs make great entrepreneurs due to their ability to spot opportunities and take calculated risks. Their Se gathers information from their surroundings and identifies emerging trends, while Ti evaluates the viability of these ideas and develops effective strategies. 
  • Marketing and sales representatives: ESTPs are excellent communicators and have a talent for persuasion. Se allows them to pick up on subtle cues and tailor their sales pitch to each customer, while Ti helps them analyze the effectiveness of different strategies. They also enjoy the challenge of exceeding sales targets, making them natural performers in this role. 
  • Detectives and investigators: ESTPs have a natural curiosity and a keen eye for detail due to their dominant Se. As detectives or investigators, they can use their analytical skills to solve complex cases and bring criminals to justice. 
  • Paramedics/EMTs: ESTPs thrive in high-pressure environments and can think quickly on their feet. As paramedics or EMTs, they can process information rapidly and improvise quickly, making them excellent in emergency situations to provide medical care and save lives. 
  • Sports coaches: ESTPs have a competitive nature and enjoy physical challenges. As sports coaches, they can use their enthusiasm and tactical skills to train athletes and guide them towards success.

ESTPs may struggle in careers such as accounting, law, data analysis, or research that require extensive planning and structured work environments. They may also find careers in counseling or social work challenging, as these fields require a high level of empathy and sensitivity.

Relationships

ESTPs are fun-loving and flirtatious in relationships. They enjoy keeping things exciting and trying new things with their partners. They may become bored or frustrated with a partner who can’t keep up with their energetic lifestyle, and they are quick to recognize incompatibilities and move on if necessary. Although they may struggle to understand their partner’s unspoken feelings and emotions, they are perceptive of changes in mood or behavior and try to respond accordingly.

In conflicts, ESTPs tend to focus on practical solutions rather than delving into the emotional aspects of the problem, which may lead them to appear cold or unemotional to their partner. However, they are also willing to go the extra mile to make their partner’s life easier without much drawing attention to it.

ESTPs can be great parents due to their flexibility, spontaneity, and high energy levels. They enjoy engaging in different activities and adventures with their children and encourage them to learn through hands-on experiences. They want their children to succeed and encourage them not to be afraid of trying out new things. However, they may struggle with enforcing strict rules and structure, as well as emotionally bonding with their children. 

In conclusion, ESTPs are lively, spontaneous, and practical individuals who enjoy taking risks and seeking new experiences. They are quick thinkers, action-oriented, and natural problem-solvers who are fearless in the face of challenges. While their focus on logic and practicality can sometimes lead to them overlooking emotional needs, they are highly perceptive and responsive to their environment and the people around them. With their energetic and adventurous spirit, ESTPs inspire others to live in the moment, embrace change, and take risks to achieve their goals. 

Entertainer (ESFP) – Type Description

ESFP is one of the 16 Myers & Briggs personality types, characterized by extraversion, sensing, feeling, and perceiving. ESFPs, also known as “entertainers”, have very outgoing and energetic personalities. They are known for their love of excitement and their desire to share that excitement with those around them. They are natural performers who love being in the spotlight and can make any situation feel like a party. However, despite their outgoing nature, ESFPs are very observant and sensitive to the feelings of others and are often the first to offer emotional support and advice to those in need. Having a natural ability to read the emotions of others, they can quickly adapt their communication style to connect with different people.

ESFPs are not fans of structure or routine, preferring to “go with the flow” and improvise their way through any situation. They are hands-on learners and prefer to learn through experience rather than studying from a book. ESFPs often struggle with finding the balance between immediate pleasures and long-term responsibilities. They can sometimes get caught up in the excitement of the moment and neglect the duties that make those experiences possible. Despite their aversion to complex analysis and repetitive tasks, ESFPs are adaptable and quick thinkers who excel at problem-solving in the moment.

Cognitive Functions of ESFPs:

To gain insight into the characteristics of ESFP personalities, it is helpful to understand the dominant and auxiliary cognitive functions that drive them. According to the MBTI system, each personality type has a set of cognitive functions that they use most frequently, which leads to consistent patterns and characteristics. For ESFPs, 

Dominant Se: Extraverted Sensing (Se) directs an individual’s focus on the sensory information and concrete details in the external environment, prioritizing  immediate physical experiences. Dominant Se individuals prefer to live in the moment, acting on their impulses as soon as they arise, and can become restless if tied to a schedule or forced to plan too far ahead. Se also allows ESFPs to make creative and tangible art that engages their five senses, which gives them energy and gratification.

Auxiliary Fi:  Introverted Feeling (Fi) is an internal decision-making process that is rooted in personal values and emotions. ESFPs use their auxiliary Fi to make decisions based on their own moral code and beliefs, rather than external rules or societal norms. They may struggle with expressing their emotions and tend to be selective about who they share their feelings with. 

Auxiliary Fi in ESFPs helps to control their impulsive actions by preventing them from straying too far from their values and guiding them towards decisions that align with their morals. This allows them to live spontaneously in the present moment while still maintaining a strong sense of personal identity and purpose.

Due to ESFPs’ focus on these dominant and auxiliary functions, their Intuition and Thinking functions are less developed, which can lead to a lack of intuitive or abstract thinking (intuition), strategic planning and logical decision making (thinking). 

Strengths

Like all personality types, ESFPs also have their own unique set of strengths, some of which include the following.

  • Observant: ESFPs excel in noticing the details of their environment using their five senses (Se). This also helps them quickly identify the needs of the people around them and respond accordingly. 
  • Strong Aesthetic sense: ESFPs have a natural appreciation for beauty and aesthetics. Their Se allows them to fully immerse themselves in their surroundings and appreciate the visual world around them. They have a keen eye for design, which they use to create beautiful and harmonious spaces.
  • Action-oriented: ESFPs are bold and practical individuals who prefer to experience life rather than speculate about it. They are neither interested in abstract theories and hypothetical scenarios, nor are they afraid to take risks or practical steps to achieve their goals.
  • People skills: ESFPs have a charming and engaging personality that allows them to connect with others easily. They have a natural talent for entertaining people and making them feel comfortable. They’re able to use humor to lighten the mood in tense situations and to create a fun environment at home as well as their workplace. 
  • Adaptability: ESFPs’ dominant Se allows them to adapt easily to new situations by helping them take in information about their environment and make quick, practical decisions based on what they observe. Their Fi helps them stay true to their values and morals, even in new and challenging situations, providing them with a sense of stability and grounding.

Weaknesses

ESFPs may have some potential weaknesses that could impact their personal life, relationships, as well as their performance in their workplace. These weaknesses may include the following.

  • Avoidance of conflict: ESFPs’ desire for positivity can make them uncomfortable with conflict. They may avoid confronting others or addressing uncomfortable situations in order to keep the atmosphere light-hearted, which may lead to unresolved issues in their personal and professional relationships.
  • Difficulty with routine and long-term planning: ESFPs thrive on variety and spontaneity, and may struggle with sticking to a consistent routine. This can be problematic in situations that require discipline and structure, such as school or a demanding job. It can also make it challenging for them to create and stick to long-term plans, leading to disorganization and missed opportunities.
  • Easily distracted: Because ESFPs are so focused on the present moment, they can be easily distracted by new and exciting experiences. This can lead to a lack of follow-through on important tasks or responsibilities.
  • Difficulty with criticism: Although ESFPs value the opinions of others, they may struggle to accept constructive criticism. They may take feedback personally, feeling hurt or defensive, and have difficulty separating their self-worth from the criticism.

Career choice

ESFPs often excel in creative fields that allow them to express themselves freely. Some suitable career options for ESFPs are:

  • Acting: ESFPs are natural performers and have a flair for the dramatic. They enjoy being the center of attention and thrive in roles that allow them to express their creativity.
  • Event planning: ESFPs are excellent at creating exciting and engaging experiences for others. They have an eye for detail and a natural sense of style, making them great event planners.
  • Sales representatives: ESFPs are charismatic and great at building relationships. They have a natural talent for persuasion and are skilled at closing deals.
  • Creative Industries: ESFPs’ strong aesthetic sense and creative energy make them well-suited for careers in music, fashion, photography, and interior design. They enjoy using their creativity to express themselves and create visually appealing experiences for others.
  • Healthcare: ESFPs have the ability to quickly pick up information about others, helping them get straight to the heart of the issue when dealing with the sick or injured., making them well-suited for careers in healthcare such as nursing, emergency medical services, and paramedicine. 
  • Social workers and counselors: ESFPs have a natural ability to connect with people and are highly empathetic. They can use their skills as counselors or social workers to help others and make a positive impact on their communities.

ESFPs may find careers that require a lot of analytical or technical skills, such as engineering, computer programming, or accounting, to be less suitable for them. These careers may not allow for enough social interaction, creativity, and immediate feedback, which are important for ESFPs to feel fulfilled and engaged in their work.

Relationships

ESFPs bring their free-spirited and fun personality into their romantic relationships, seeking excitement and new experiences with their partners. They enjoy creating a romantic and exciting atmosphere for their significant other, and they are not afraid to show their love and appreciation through physical touch, gifts, or other gestures of affection. 

However, they may struggle with structure and finances in relationships, preferring spontaneity over planning and spending money on experiences rather than saving for the future. They need a partner who can balance their impulsive side with stability and responsibility, while still allowing them to express their adventurous nature. ESFPs may also struggle with commitment in relationships due to their desire for independence and new experiences. They may need some encouragement to settle down and commit to a long-term relationship, but once they do, they can be loyal and devoted partners.

ESFPs genuinely love having kids around and enjoy coming up with fun activities and adventures to spend time with them. As parents, they are known for their childlike playfulness that makes their children feel secure and happy, and nurtures their curiosity and creativity. As sensitive individuals, they expect their children to be respectful and considerate, and provide plenty of emotional support to encourage their growth and development.

In conclusion, ESFPs are outgoing and spontaneous individuals who have a zest for life. They are warm and affectionate, enjoying close relationships with friends and family. ESFPs are highly attuned to their senses and enjoy indulging in pleasurable experiences, from delicious food to exciting adventures. With their outgoing nature and ability to create fun and memorable experiences, ESFPs can inspire others to live life to the fullest. While they may face challenges in areas such as commitment and responsibility, ESFPs can use their strengths and positive energy to navigate these obstacles and create a fulfilling and joyful life!

Investigator (ISTJ) – Type Description

ISTJ is one of the 16 Myers & Briggs personality types, characterized by introversion, sensing, thinking, and judging. ISTJs, also known as “inspectors” or “investigators”, are known for their practicality, reliability, and integrity. They are conscientious individuals who take responsibility for their actions and always strive to do what is right. ISTJs value rules and order, and they strive to maintain stability and security in their lives. They are very detail-oriented and methodical in their approach to tasks, which allows them to achieve their goals efficiently and effectively. 

ISTJs have a strong sense of duty and a deep respect for tradition, which often leads them to be conservative and risk-averse. They may be seen as stubborn at times, but they are always willing to work hard to achieve their goals. ISTJs are very loyal and dependable, and they make excellent friends and employees. They enjoy routine and structure, and are often found in careers that require precise attention to detail, such as accounting, law enforcement, or administrative work.

Cognitive Functions of ISTJs:

To gain insight into the characteristics of ISTJ personalities, it is helpful to understand the dominant and auxiliary cognitive functions that drive them. According to the MBTI system, each personality type has a set of cognitive functions that they use most frequently, which leads to consistent patterns and characteristics. For ISTJs, 

Dominant Si: Individuals who use the Introverted Sensing (Si) function have an organized internal world and a highly accurate memory of past experiences. They are able to recall details and sensations from previous events, and their minds create categories to sort and store information. When faced with new experiences, they compare them to past experiences, which creates a sense of familiarity and continuity in their lives. However, it may also make it difficult for Si users to adapt to change or consider new ideas that do not fit with their pre-existing categories.

Auxiliary Te:   Extraverted Thinking (Te) allows individuals to take control and organize the external world around them. Te allows ISTJs to approach problems and challenges in a logical, efficient manner, and to take action based on their understanding of the situation at hand. 

Te provides a valuable balance to ISTJs’ internal focus on Si, allowing them to combine their knowledge and past experiences with the objective information available to them at the present moment, to interact with the external world in a logical and effective way. 

Due to ISTJs’ focus on these dominant and auxiliary functions, their Intuition and Feeling functions are less developed, which can lead to a lack of intuitive or abstract thinking (intuition), understanding and expressing emotions, and empathizing with others (feeling). 

Strengths

Like all personality types, ISTJs also have their own unique set of strengths, some of which include the following.

  • Reliability and practicality: ISTJs are reliable and consistent. Si helps ISTJs stay grounded in reality and Te gives them a practical approach to problem-solving. They are able to take a step back and assess situations objectively, without getting caught up in emotions or subjective opinions.
  • Calm and collected: ISTJs have the ability to maintain composure in high-stress situations. Their calm and practical nature allows them to make well-thought-out decisions even in the face of adversity. This makes them valuable team members in the workplace, as they can be relied upon to remain level-headed and focused when others may become overwhelmed.
  • Strong work ethic: ISTJs are hardworking and diligent, which earns them respect and trust from their peers and subordinates. They are willing to put in the time and effort necessary to complete tasks to the best of their ability.
  • Integrity and loyalty: ISTJs are fiercely loyal to their friends, family, and colleagues. They are committed to building strong and honest relationships and maintaining them over the long term. They take their commitments seriously and are dedicated to following through on their obligations. 
  • Leadership qualities: Although they may not specifically aspire to leadership roles, ISTJs’ natural tendency to prioritize structure and organization, combined with their sense of duty and responsibility, lends itself well to the role of a leader.

Weaknesses

ISTJs may have some potential weaknesses that could impact their personal life, relationships, as well as their performance in their workplace. These weaknesses may include the following.

  • Critical and judgmental: ISTJs may struggle to see beyond the details they have cataloged in their minds. While this helps them manage complex situations, it can make it difficult to communicate with others who focus more on the bigger picture. It can be frustrating for them when others fail to see the importance of details, which they perceive as critical to the success of a project.
  • Reluctance to Change: ISTJs have a strong preference for following established procedures and standards, and they may be resistant to change. They feel more comfortable sticking to familiar routines due to their Si, and may struggle when faced with new or unfamiliar situations. 
  • High Self-Standards: ISTJs hold themselves to very high internal standards, which can lead to self-criticism and self-doubt. They can be overly hard on themselves, striving for perfection even in situations where it may not be necessary. This can cause them to focus on their shortcomings and overlook their successes.
  • Rigid thinking: ISTJs can become stuck in their ways and routines, which can make them critical of people who may hold a different perspective. It also makes them resistant to feedback or criticism that challenges their established methods.

Career choice

ISTJs typically enjoy work that requires them to gain specialized knowledge and master a specific set of procedures, whether it’s related to software, machines, or other systems that follow a logical and methodical pattern. Here are some career options that are well-suited for ISTJs:

  • Accounting: ISTJs are well-suited for careers in accounting due to their natural attention to detail, precision, and adherence to rules and regulations.
  • Administration: ISTJs thrive in administrative roles because they are highly organized, are able to execute complex projects with ease, and can effectively manage and streamline office operations.
  • Military: ISTJs possess a strong sense of duty, discipline, and structure, making them well-suited for careers in the military. 
  • Judiciary and Law Enforcement: Due to their dominant Si, ISTJs have a natural ability to retain and apply rules and regulations to make prompt and logical decisions, making them well-suited for careers in law enforcement and judiciary. 
  • Business management: ISTJs excel in managing orders, customers, and the day-to-day operations of a business with incredible efficiency and grace. 
  • Engineering: ISTJs are very comfortable working with concrete data and information. Their ability to think systematically and their focus on practical solutions makes them excellent candidates for engineering roles.

ISTJs may struggle in careers that involve a lot of ambiguity, abstract thinking, and unpredictability, for example, careers in the arts, creative writing, or acting, as well as tech startups or entrepreneurships. They may also struggle in roles that require constant social interaction or public speaking, such as sales or marketing. 

Relationships

ISTJs are known for their loyalty, honesty, and dependability in relationships. They value a structured long-term commitment and look for a partner who shares similar values of responsibility and willingness to put in daily efforts. They tend to take on traditional gender roles in their household and place great importance on family values. ISTJs seek to establish clear expectations in their relationships and take care of their families in practical ways, such as by fulfilling their needs and making their lives more comfortable.

ISTJs often feel overlooked in their work environment and therefore desire a partner who can appreciate and recognize their efforts. Although not too emotionally expressive, they are consistent and direct about their feelings, preferring to resolve conflicts as quickly and efficiently as possible.

In terms of parenting, ISTJs tend to value traditional parent-child relationships, often using the same parenting techniques that their own parents used. They establish clear rules and expectations for their children and follow through with consequences, creating a stable and predictable environment for them to grow in. 

In conclusion, ISTJs are the backbone of society, providing the necessary stability and structure to ensure that things run smoothly. They are not usually interested in change for change’s sake and prefer to stick to what they know works. Their dedication to their work and their loved ones is unparalleled, and their reliability makes them invaluable in any team or organization. They are motivated to do the right thing and take pride in their accomplishments. With their strong sense of responsibility and duty, they can achieve anything they set their minds to and be a leader of their own destiny.

Mechanic (ISTP) – Type Description

ISTP is one of the 16 personality types defined by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), characterized by introversion, sensing, thinking, and perception. ISTPs, also called the “mechanics”, are practical thinkers, valuing their freedom and autonomy. They are known for their insatiable curiosity and exploratory nature, and enjoy moving from project to project. They are fascinated by how things work and enjoy taking things apart and putting them back together again, whether it’s a machine, a computer, or sometimes even a relationship.

ISTPs value direct communication and prefer to cut through any unnecessary pleasantries to get to the heart of the matter. They are quick thinkers who excel in crisis situations by staying calm and composed in the face of adversity. Their ability to find humor in challenging situations can help to diffuse tension and create a more relaxed work environment. They are able to handle whatever life throws their way with a practical, no-nonsense attitude and are often seen as problem-solvers, coming up with creative and unconventional solutions to challenges that others may find overwhelming.

Cognitive Functions of ISTPs:

To gain insight into the characteristics of ISTP personalities, it is helpful to understand the dominant and auxiliary cognitive functions that drive them. According to the MBTI system, each personality type has a set of cognitive functions that they use most frequently, which leads to consistent patterns and characteristics. For ISTPs, 

Dominant Ti: An Introverted Thinking (Ti) function allows individuals to analyze and process the world around them internally through logical and objective thinking. These individuals use their naturally technical mind to identify the inner workings and mechanics of systems. They tend to look at the principles, underlying factors and their context rather than just the surface level of things.

ISTPs tend to use their Ti function to rely on their own logic and analysis rather than external sources of information. This makes them very skilled at identifying patterns and the root causes of problems. In social situations, ISTPs use their Ti to analyze people and understand their motivations and thought processes. This can help them develop a better understanding of how to interact with others, as well as make more informed decisions about who they choose to spend time with.

Auxiliary Se: Extraverted Sensing (Se) focuses on the external world and immediate physical experiences. This function is concerned with taking in sensory information from the environment, focusing on the present moment, and being aware of concrete details. People who have an auxiliary Se are often energetic and action-oriented, and have the ability to quickly respond to changing circumstances.

Their auxiliary Se function complements the dominant Ti function by providing them with the sensory data they need to make logical decisions. Ti allows ISTPs to analyze and understand this information, while Se helps them to gather it in the first place. This combination of functions can make ISTPs very effective problem solvers who are able to quickly gather and analyze information to make decisions.

Due to ISTPs’ focus on these dominant and auxiliary functions, their Intuition and Feeling functions are less developed, which can lead to a lack of intuitive or abstract thinking (intuition), understanding and expressing emotions, empathizing with others, and understanding the impact of their decisions on others (feeling). 

Strengths

Like all personality types, ISTPs also have their own unique set of strengths, some of which are as follows.

  • Practical problem-solving and hands-on skills: ISTPs are skilled at using their dominant Ti function to analyze and solve practical problems. They are able to identify patterns and root causes of problems, making them effective at finding solutions. They are often skilled with their hands and enjoy working on practical projects. They have a knack for understanding how things work and are able to troubleshoot and fix problems.
  • Adaptability and spontaneity: ISTPs are able to quickly adapt to changes in their environment due to their auxiliary Se function. They are able to gather sensory information from their surroundings and take action accordingly, making them flexible and adaptable.
  • Confidence and calmness: ISTPs tend to have a confident and relaxed demeanor, which can be reassuring to those around them. They are often able to stay level-headed and composed in stressful situations, making them effective problem-solvers and leaders.
  • Resilience to criticism: ISTPs are generally not threatened by criticism and are able to handle it well. They tend to view criticism as an opportunity to learn and improve, rather than taking it personally.
  • Optimism and positivity: ISTPs often have an optimistic and light-hearted attitude, which can make them enjoyable to be around. They are able to find humor in difficult situations and can be uplifting to those around them.

Weaknesses

Some potential weaknesses of ISTPs may include:

  • Resistance to commitment: ISTPs may have difficulty setting and achieving long-term goals, as they tend to live in the present moment and enjoy exploring new opportunities as they arise. They also resist making long-term commitments in their personal or professional lives, as they prefer to keep their options open and avoid feeling trapped or restricted. 
  • Blunt and insensitive communication: ISTPs may struggle with tactful communication and can come across as blunt or insensitive. They may prioritize logic over emotions, leading them to dismiss or downplay the feelings of others.
  • Impulsiveness and risk-taking: ISTPs may become bored or restless in situations that lack excitement or novelty. This often leads them to engage in risky behaviors just for the fun of it and make impulsive decisions. While this can lead to exciting experiences, it may also lead to negative consequences if not properly balanced with their Ti function.
  • Low tolerance for boredom: ISTPs are known to have a low tolerance for boredom and may quickly lose interest in tasks or activities that they perceive as mundane or repetitive. They may struggle with maintaining routines or following strict procedures, which can be challenging in certain work or academic settings.

Career choice

ISTPs are known for their practicality, independence, and problem-solving skills. They are often drawn to careers that allow them to work with their hands, see how different pieces of machines, systems, as well as information and facts fit together, and solve real-world problems. Here are some career options that may be a good fit for ISTPs:

  • Skilled Trades: ISTPs are often drawn to careers in skilled trades, such as carpentry, welding, or plumbing. They enjoy working with their hands and finding practical solutions to problems.
  • Engineering: ISTPs have a natural talent for understanding how things work and may excel in engineering fields. They may enjoy careers in architectural, mechanical, electrical, or civil engineering.
  • IT and Technology: ISTPs are often tech-savvy and enjoy exploring new technology. They may excel in careers as software developers, network administrators, or computer technicians.
  • Emergency Services: ISTPs can think on their feet, come up with quick solutions, and thrive in high-pressure situations. They may be well-suited for careers in emergency services such as firefighting or law enforcement.
  • Athletics: ISTPs have a natural athleticism and may excel in careers in sports such as professional athlete, personal trainer, or coach.

ISTPs may struggle in careers that require them to focus on routine tasks, such as data entry or administrative work. They may also find careers that require extensive interpersonal interactions or emotional labor, such as counseling or social work, to be challenging.

Workplace

ISTPs are known to be loyal and productive employees who use their unique perspective and logic to solve hands-on problems at work. They rely on their dominant Ti to think outside the box and find solutions that are not just based on pre-made criteria or protocol. While they may have a laid-back approach to work, ISTPs are still reliable and get things done. However, their spontaneous nature means they can quickly become bored and move on to new projects if they feel they have explored everything there is to explore, or if their boss imposes unnecessary guidelines or deadlines.

ISTPs’ curiosity and desire to explore can also lead them to interfere in other people’s work matters. Although this can be helpful in some situations, it may also be perceived as annoying by colleagues. They also have a tendency to be “cold” and blunt in their communication due to their less developed Feeling function. Despite this, they are generally well-liked in the workplace due to their acceptance of individual differences in opinions and their sense of humor, which can diffuse stressful situations and create a positive atmosphere.

As managers, ISTPs are deliberate in their choice of employees and strive to create a relaxed work environment, giving their employees the autonomy to make their own decisions without micromanaging them. They treat their employees fairly and foster a supportive workplace culture. 

Relationships

People with the ISTP personality type are known for their exciting, calm, and fun-loving nature, making them an exciting partner to be with. They are passionate and sensual, often looking to explore shared interests and hobbies with their partners. Despite their strong feelings for their partners, ISTPs can sometimes struggle to open up emotionally, so they often show their love through physical touch and acts of service, like helping around the house or doing practical things to make their partner’s life easier. 

The present moment is where they thrive, and they generally do not make commitments beyond the immediate foreseeable future. Any attempts by their partners to change them or impose obligations on them can quickly make ISTPs lose interest in the relationship. For ISTPs, their sense of independence is paramount, and they need to feel free to live in the moment without any additional pressures. However, when they truly care about someone, ISTPs will do their part on a daily basis to keep the relationship strong and healthy. They go to great lengths to show their loyalty and commitment to their partners.

ISTP parents tend to be hands-off and let their children explore the world on their own, often encouraging their children to take risks and learn from their experiences. ISTP parents enjoy sharing physical activities with their children, but they struggle with emotional bonding. They may rely on their partner or make a conscious effort to provide emotional support.

In conclusion, the ISTP personality type is a unique and admirable blend of practicality, independence, and curiosity. They are analytical and adaptable problem-solvers who excel under pressure and in hands-on activities. Their spontaneity and love for physical activities make them exciting and fun-loving individuals, always ready for a new adventure. ISTPs are straightforward and action-oriented, with a remarkable ability to make quick, sound decisions. Their logical minds, adventurous spirit, and ability to seize the moment make them valuable contributors to any setting. 

Defender (ISFJ) – Type Description

ISFJ is one of the 16 personality types as defined by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), characterized by introversion, sensing, feeling, and judgment. Known as the “defender” or “protector,” they are practical, responsible, and deeply loyal individuals who place a high value on tradition and stability. ISFJs are compassionate and caring towards others, and are often seen as the backbone of their community. They have a strong sense of duty towards their family, friends, and community, and are willing to go to great lengths to ensure their well-being. They reward kindness with kindness, and their close relationships are based on trust, mutual respect, and a willingness to support each other through thick and thin.

ISFJs have high standards for their work and are meticulous in their approach to tasks and planning. They are detail-oriented and have a keen eye for spotting small changes in their environment. They take pride in their work and are committed to delivering high-quality results, often going the extra mile to ensure that everything is done to perfection. ISFJs can be reserved and private, but they are warm and approachable towards those they trust. They have a calm and composed demeanor and prefer to avoid conflict, seeking harmony and cooperation in their relationships. All in all, ISFJs are compassionate, responsible, and dependable individuals who are deeply committed to their values and those they care about.

Cognitive Functions of ISFJs:

To gain insight into the characteristics of ISFJ personalities, it is helpful to understand the dominant and auxiliary cognitive functions that drive them. According to the MBTI system, each personality type has a set of cognitive functions that they use most frequently, which leads to consistent patterns and characteristics. For ISFJs, 

Dominant Si: Individuals who use the Introverted Sensing (Si) function have an organized internal world and a highly accurate memory of past experiences. They are able to recall details and sensations from previous events, and their minds create categories to sort and store information. When faced with new experiences, they compare them to past experiences, which creates a sense of familiarity and continuity in their lives. However, it may also make it difficult for Si users to adapt to change or consider new ideas that do not fit with their pre-existing categories.

Auxiliary Fe: People with an auxiliary Extraverted Feeling (Fe) function tend to be empathetic and sensitive to the needs and emotions of others. They are skilled at interpreting and responding to social cues, but may struggle with confrontation or expressing their own needs. They pay attention to the impact their actions and words have on others and may seek to create a sense of connection and community.

As an auxiliary function, Fe helps ISFJs to be sensitive to others’ needs and to be able to empathize with others. It also helps them to make decisions that are emotionally intelligent and sensitive to the feelings of everyone involved.

Due to ISFJs’ focus on these dominant and auxiliary functions, their intuition and thinking functions are less developed, which can lead to a lack of intuitive or abstract thinking (intuition), strategic planning and rational decision making (thinking). 

Strengths

Like all personality types, ISFJs also have their own unique set of strengths, some of which are as follows.

  • Judgment and decision-making: ISFJs are skilled at making sound judgments and decisions. Their dominant Si allows them to draw on past experiences and memories to inform their decision-making process. They are able to weigh the pros and cons of a situation, consider potential outcomes, and make decisions that align with their values and principles.
  • Empathy and compassion: ISFJs have a natural empathy and compassion for others, which stems from their auxiliary Fe. They are able to understand and relate to the emotions of others, are skilled at diffusing tense or uncomfortable situations,and are often sought out as trusted confidants and advisors.
  • Reliability and stability: ISFJs thrive in stable environments and are committed to maintaining a sense of consistency and routine due to their dominant Si. They are able to create a sense of order and predictability in their personal and professional lives, making them reliable and trustworthy.
  • Loyalty and dedication: ISFJs are extremely loyal to their friends, family, and colleagues. They have a strong sense of duty and are committed to supporting those they care about. They are willing to go above and beyond to help others, and their dedication is unwavering.

Weaknesses

Some potential weaknesses of ISFJs include:

  • Rigidity and inflexibility: ISFJs may be too attached to established traditions and routines due to their dominant Si, making it difficult for them to adapt to new situations and places. They may also be resistant to change, leading to missed opportunities for growth and development.
  • Avoidance of Emotional Vulnerability: ISFJs have a tendency to repress their feelings, particularly negative ones. Because they prioritize the feelings and needs of others due to their Fe, ISFJs may neglect their own emotional well-being and suppress their own emotions. This can lead to them feeling overwhelmed or resentful, and may cause them to withdraw from social situations or become passive-aggressive in their interactions with others.
  • Over Reliance on past experiences: While ISFJs’ strong sense of personal history can be an asset, it can also lead to over-reliance on past experiences and a reluctance to try new things. They may struggle with taking risks and stepping outside of their comfort zone.  
  • Tendency to be overly self-critical: ISFJs have high personal standards and may be overly critical of themselves when they fail to meet their own expectations. This can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt.

Career choice

ISFJs are known for their strong work ethic, attention to detail, and deep sense of responsibility. They prefer careers that allow them to make a tangible difference in the lives of others, and that align with their values and beliefs. Here are some career options that may be a good fit for ISFJs:

  • Healthcare professionals: ISFJs are well-suited for careers in healthcare due to their compassionate and caring nature. They may excel as nurses, medical assistants, or social workers.
  • Teachers or educational administrators: ISFJs’ desire to help others and make a positive impact can lead them to careers in education. They may excel as teachers or administrators who create a supportive learning environment for their students.
  • Accountants or bookkeepers: While not typically associated with artistic expression, ISFJs’ attention to detail and organizational skills can make them well-suited for careers in finance. They may excel as accountants, bookkeepers, or financial analysts.
  • Administrative assistants: ISFJs are often very organized and enjoy helping others, making them well-suited for administrative roles. They may excel as executive assistants, office managers, or in similar positions.
  • Service industry roles: ISFJs enjoy careers that allow them to use their attention to detail and sensory awareness. They may excel as chefs, bartenders, or in customer service roles where they can provide a high level of personal attention and care to their customers.

ISFJs may struggle in careers that require them to take risks or make quick decisions without much time for deliberation. They may also find careers that require extensive public speaking or networking to be challenging, as they prefer to work behind the scenes and avoid the spotlight.

Workplace

ISFJs in the workplace are highly valued for their dependability, frugality, and attention to detail. They are willing to work long hours and are willing to take on thankless tasks that others may overlook. However, they may become resentful if their contributions and economies are taken for granted, causing them to experience feelings of bottled-up emotion that can cause undeserved suffering. 

ISFJs are highly organized and have a strong desire to see rules and regulations enforced. They have a strong sense of morality and tend to be preoccupied with ensuring that everyone is treated fairly and with respect. ISFJs are keenly aware of the social order and hierarchy and believe in upholding custom and convention. They have a deep respect for authority and are often attracted to executive positions. 

While they may not actively seek out leadership positions, their interpersonal skills and work ethic lend themselves well to managing others in a warm and approachable manner. They create an environment where their employees feel valued and appreciated for their hard work. Moreover, as team members, they enjoy close-knit and supportive teams, where they can express their altruistic spirit. They are highly cooperative and work well with others to implement their goals. 

Relationships

ISFJs are devoted to their partners and families, and are often excellent homemakers. With a strong sense of duty, they take great pride in creating a welcoming and attractive home. They manage household tasks very well, such as providing nourishing meals, shopping, minor repairs, and maintaining a daily routine of cleanliness, tidiness, and order. Female ISFJs in particular, often display their talent for creating a traditional and inviting home interior. 

ISFJs are very devoted and loyal in their relationships. They take their commitments seriously and are willing to put in the effort required to maintain a healthy and loving partnership. ISFJs may struggle with expressing their emotions verbally and often show their affection through acts of service, like preparing a meal for their partner, doing their share of chores or anything that would make their partner’s life more comfortable. They are highly attentive to their partner’s needs, owing to their auxiliary Fe, and are willing to make all kinds of sacrifices to support them. However, the tendency to put their partner’s needs before their own can sometimes lead to issues in the relationship, and they may express their suppressed frustration in the form of resentment or stubbornness.

ISFJs parents are attentive to their children’s emotional and physical needs, and strive to create a stable and supportive home environment. They also tend to be very traditional in their approach to parenting. They often have strong values and beliefs about what is right and wrong, and they pass these values on to their children. ISFJs may be strict when it comes to discipline, but they do so out of a desire to instill in them a sense of responsibility and respect for authority.

In conclusion, the ISFJ personality type embodies a unique set of traits that make them invaluable members of any team or community. With their exceptional organizational skills and attention to detail, they possess a rare ability to manage complex situations with ease and grace. Their innate sense of compassion and desire to provide for others makes them natural caregivers, always going above and beyond to ensure everyone’s needs are met. By continuing to develop their strengths and embrace their natural tendencies, individuals with the ISFJ personality type can achieve great success and make a profound impact in the world.