myer briggs – Our Human Minds

A Quick Guide On The Most Popular Personality Frameworks

In the modern era of personal and professional development, various personality frameworks have become increasingly popular for helping individuals understand themselves and others. Among these, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Enneagram stand out as deep, insightful tools for long-term personal growth. However, other models like the Big Five, Emotional Intelligence (EQ), and StrengthsFinder also offer unique perspectives and are popular in different settings. This article provides a comprehensive comparison of these frameworks, exploring their origins, theoretical foundations, practical applications, pros and cons to help you achieve a more discerning perspective:

1. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Origins and Background

The MBTI was developed by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers during World War II. They based it on Carl Jung’s theory of psychological types, which emphasizes different cognitive processes for interacting with the world. Their goal was to create a system that could help people understand themselves and others, especially in areas of communication, decision-making, and work preferences.

Theoretical Essence

MBTI categorizes individuals into 16 personality types based on four dichotomies:

Extraversion (E) vs. Introversion (I),
Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N),
Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F), and
Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P).

Each type represents a preferred way of processing information, making decisions, and interacting with the world. It highlights the role of dominant and auxiliary cognitive functions, which are essential for self-awareness and understanding the behaviors of others.

Practical Application

The MBTI is highly valued in corporate environments, relationship counseling, and personal development. It helps individuals improve communication, enhance team collaboration, and develop emotional intelligence. Its strength lies in its focus on how people think and operate, which can provide actionable insights for personal growth. However, critics argue that MBTI lacks scientific rigor and can be oversimplifying.

2. Enneagram

Origins and Background

The Enneagram has ancient roots, believed to originate from various spiritual and philosophical traditions, including early Christian mysticism and Sufi teachings. It was modernized in the 20th century by Oscar Ichazo and Claudio Naranjo, who expanded its psychological depth.

Theoretical Essence

The Enneagram categorizes individuals into nine distinct personality types, each associated with core motivations, fears, and desires. Unlike MBTI, which focuses on cognitive functions, the Enneagram emphasizes the emotional and motivational drivers behind behavior. It offers a dynamic model where individuals can shift along “growth” and “stress” lines, reflecting how they adapt to life circumstances.

Practical Application

The Enneagram is often used in both personal and spiritual development, as it provides a pathway for individuals to explore deep-rooted behavioral patterns. Its holistic approach allows for personal transformation by identifying key motivations and emotional triggers. However, the lack of scientific validation, similar to MBTI, is a common criticism.

3. Big Five (OCEAN)

Origins and Background

The Big Five Personality Traits model emerged from decades of psychological research and is considered one of the most scientifically robust personality frameworks. It stems from studies in the 1940s and 50s that aimed to empirically measure personality traits.

Theoretical Essence

The Big Five model measures five core dimensions of personality:

Openness to Experience,
Conscientiousness,
Extraversion,
Agreeableness, and
Neuroticism (OCEAN).

These traits exist on a spectrum rather than as dichotomies, making it a fluid framework. The model’s strength lies in its empirical foundation, which allows for predictive power in various life outcomes such as career success and relationship satisfaction.

Practical Application

The Big Five is widely used in psychological research and clinical settings due to its strong scientific backing. However, its downside is the lack of depth when it comes to cognitive processing or inner motivations. While it provides valuable insights, it may not be as engaging or transformative for personal growth as MBTI or Enneagram.

Pros: This model is scientifically validated and widely accepted in psychology. It measures traits like Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

Cons: It doesn’t offer the same depth of insights into cognitive functions or personal motivations as MBTI or Enneagram, which might make it less engaging for personal growth enthusiasts.

4. DISC Personality Model

The DISC Personality Model focuses on four primary behavioral traits: Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Conscientiousness. Originating from the work of psychologist William Moulton Marston in the 1920s, DISC is widely used in corporate environments to improve communication, teamwork, and leadership. Unlike typology frameworks like MBTI and the Enneagram, DISC assesses observable behaviors rather than deeper cognitive processes or motivations.

Dominance reflects assertiveness and control over situations.
Influence measures sociability and persuasion skills.
Steadiness evaluates consistency and reliability in behaviors.
Conscientiousness focuses on precision, attention to detail, and task orientation.

Pros: DISC is easy to understand and apply, making it popular for organizational development, leadership training, and conflict resolution. It’s particularly effective in workplace settings where understanding behavioral differences is crucial for collaboration.

Cons: While practical, DISC lacks depth when it comes to understanding underlying psychological drivers. It doesn’t delve into cognitive functions or emotional patterns like MBTI or Enneagram, making it more suited for short-term behavior modification rather than deep personal growth.

5. StrengthsFinder (CliftonStrengths)

Origins and Background

StrengthsFinder, developed by Donald Clifton in the late 20th century, focuses on identifying and utilizing personal strengths to maximize performance. It is rooted in positive psychology and is widely used in business and leadership development.

Theoretical Essence

StrengthsFinder identifies 34 individual strengths and categorizes them into four domains: Executing, Influencing, Relationship Building, and Strategic Thinking. The idea is that individuals should focus on honing their natural strengths rather than trying to fix their weaknesses.

Practical Application

StrengthsFinder is commonly used in organizational settings to optimize team performance and leadership capabilities. Its major limitation is that it doesn’t offer the same depth of self-awareness or personal growth opportunities as typology frameworks like MBTI or Enneagram.

Pros: Focuses on identifying and leveraging individual strengths, making it practical and results-oriented. It’s widely used in business and leadership development.

Cons: It doesn’t offer the same depth of self-reflection or holistic view of personality traits and interpersonal dynamics as typology frameworks.

By combining the depth of MBTI and Enneagram with more empirical models like the Big Five, or the actionable skills of EQ frameworks, practitioners can create a balanced and effective program for self-awareness, growth, and relational success. For long-term learning, MBTI and Enneagram remain the cornerstones for deep, transformational understanding.

Here’s a version with visible, copyable links for each model and the reference section:

References:

Jung, Carl G. (1921): Psychological Types, the foundational theory behind MBTI.
Myers, Isabel Briggs & Myers, Peter B. (1995): Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type, an exploration of the MBTI and its applications.
Goleman, Daniel (1995): Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, the seminal work that popularized the EQ framework.
Marston, William Moulton (1928): Emotions of Normal People, where the DISC model’s behavioral dimensions originated.
Riso, Don Richard & Hudson, Russ (1996): The Wisdom of the Enneagram, a modern interpretation of the Enneagram system.
Costa, Paul T. Jr. & McCrae, Robert R. (1992): Revised NEO Personality Inventory, detailing the Big Five (OCEAN) traits.

The Four Types of Introverts

What is an introvert?

Introversion is often misunderstood term. Forget the stereotype of the shy recluse who dreads social interaction. Introversion and extroversion are not about how much you like people or how outgoing you are. Instead, they’re about where you direct your attention and energy.

Proposed by Swiss psychologist Carl Jung, the concept of introversion and extraversion illustrates two worlds wherein an individual exists on: an inner world and an outer world. Your inner world encompasses your thoughts, feelings, memories, and subjective experiences. It’s the landscape of your imagination and self-reflection. The outer world consists of everything external to you – people, places, objects, and the constant flow of information and interaction. Extroverts find their energy in the outer world. They thrive on social interaction, external feedback, and actively connecting with others.

Introverts, on the other hand, gain their energy and actually prioritize listening to their inner world first. They enjoy spending time alone, processing information internally, and engaging in deep reflection. This inward focus allows them to develop rich inner landscapes, become strong observers of the external world, and excel at activities that require concentration and thoughtful analysis. Introverts are often excellent listeners, as their focus on their inner world translates to a genuine interest in understanding the thoughts and feelings of others.

A Look At The Four Types

With a clearer understanding of what is an introvert in mind, and if you are fairly sure you are an introvert, you might be wondering if there is any specific “flavor” of an introvert that can better explain your uniqueness.

Well, let me help you by expanding further through the lens of cognitive functions based on Jung’s personality theory that reveals four distinct introversion types and their unique characteristics.

Intuition vs. Sensing: Perceiving the World Through Different Lenses

The way we take in and process information about the world can be categorized as either Intuitive or Sensing. Intuitives are drawn to the abstract and the unseen. They excel at pattern recognition, readily grasping underlying connections and future possibilities. Big-picture thinking comes naturally to them, and they are often brimming with innovative ideas. They might struggle with mundane details, preferring to focus on the broader implications and potential outcomes.

forest, trees, sun rays-1072828.jpg — What do you see? Intuition and Sensing can often be simplified as seeing the forest first or the tree first?

Sensors, in contrast, find comfort in the concrete and the present. They are detail-oriented observers, meticulously collecting and analyzing sensory information. Their strength lies in their ability to focus on the here and now, ensuring accuracy and practicality. They excel at creating and maintaining routines, finding comfort in the familiar. While not dismissive of future possibilities, Sensors prioritize the tangible world and the information readily available to their senses.

Combining Sensing & Intuition and Introversion, we have two introverted functions that correspond to two types of introverts:

The Traditionalist, Introverted Sensor (Si): Si-dominant individuals find comfort in familiarity and tradition. They excel at observing details and preserving past experiences. However, they can also be too stubborn and stay in their sensory “comfort zone” and not be adaptable and miss out on new trends or opportunities.
The Visionary, Introverted Intuitive (Ni): With Ni at the forefront, these individuals perceive the world through a lens of possibilities and hidden meanings. They possess a strong foresight and can readily grasp the essence of situations. However, once their vision is formed, they often stick to it stubbornly without willing to take feedback or adjust to the reality of the situation.

Thinking vs. Feeling: Navigating the Decision-Making Landscape

Thinkers and Feelers represent two distinct approaches to decision-making. Thinkers, as the term suggests, prioritize logic and objectivity. When faced with a choice, they meticulously analyze information, weigh pros and cons, and strive for solutions that are fair and consistent. They are drawn to clear-cut principles and frameworks, often employing a step-by-step approach to reach a conclusion. Emotions might play a role in the initial consideration, but ultimately, logic reigns supreme for Thinkers.

Feelers, on the other hand, make decisions with a heart-centered approach. They place significant value on emotions, both their own and those of others. When evaluating a situation, they consider how the decision will impact people involved and how it aligns with their personal values. Empathy is a cornerstone of their decision-making process. While Feelers can be logical, their emotions often hold significant weight in the final verdict.

Combining Thinking and Feeling with Introversion, and we have two introverted functions that correspond to two types of introverts:

The Empathetic Individualist, Introverted Feeler (Fi): Driven by their strong moral compass, Fi-dominant introverts are authentic and compassionate. They excel at understanding the emotions of others and championing causes they believe in. However, their strong convictions can sometimes make them judgmental of those with differing viewpoints.
The Analytical Mind, Introverted Thinker (Ti): Fueled by a thirst for knowledge, Ti-dominant introverts are analytical and systematic thinkers. They enjoy constructing logical frameworks and solving problems efficiently. However, their focus on logic can sometimes make them seem detached or insensitive to the emotions of others.

A Spectrum of Strengths

As you can see, each introverted type brings valuable strengths to the table as well as corresponding weaknesses. Traditionalists provide stability and preserve valuable traditions, visionaries inspire with their foresight and ability to see the bigger picture, empathetic individualists champion what’s right and foster strong connections, and analytical minds bring order and logic to complex situations.

Regardless, a common pitfall (as well as strength) for anyone leading with an introverted function is their stubbornness and single-mindedness that may benefit from being more open to external data and input.

So, which type of introvert do you resonate more with? Share your thoughts and experiences in the comments below!

Secret Cognitive Roadmap to overcome anxiety and self-limiting beliefs

Webinar timing: 18 Mar (Mon), 9pm-10pm Singapore time
(9am EST)

Do self-limiting beliefs hold you back from unleashing your full potential? Ambitious managers and professionals, known for being hard on themselves, often struggle with these negative self-beliefs which can reinforce a cycle of low self-esteem, weak boundaries and burnout.

The key to breaking this cycle lies in objective self-awareness: firmly recognizing your strengths, and acknowledging the accompanying weaknesses. While various tools frameworks are available to aid in your self-awareness journey, the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) stands out as a highly comprehensive and popular modern self-discovery framework. It’s widely used by millions of individuals and many Fortune 500 companies to enhance workplace relationships and leadership coaching.

Join our community for this exclusive crash course aimed at helping you conquer your negative self-beliefs and transform them into strengths and confidence through the secrets of the less well-known 8 Cognitive Functions.

Reserve my Slot

Agenda:

Meet & Greet
Introduction to MBTI and Jungian cognitive functions
A quick crash course on cognitive function definitions
Reflection on how your dominant functions reveal your strengths and corresponding weaknesses
Explore practical strategies for developing your weaker functions
Q&A

The most helpful aspect is I could again a level of self-awareness and how this impacts how I engage with others and what works for me , but also a good list of tips that I can share with others who engage with me often so that they can understand how I work/think.
Denise, English instructor

Guided by a certified Type Coach Tuan Le with over 8 years of experience in personality psychology, participants will engage in lively yet intimate discussions focused on self-healing and self-exploration, emerging with deeper insights and increased self-confidence. Secure your spot now and be part of this enlightening experience.

Note: This form will close 1 day before the event or when the participant limit have been reached.

Registration has now been closed. You may check out the next training here.

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Exploring Attachment Styles: A Guide to Better Relationships

Do you ever wonder why you get so attached to potential partners so quickly? Why you bend over backwards to make them happy, even when they seem distant? At the core, you likely yearn for a relationship where you can truly be yourself without fear of being “too much” or not “enough.” If so, you’re not alone. Many people struggle with one of two issues – getting too invested too quickly, or keeping others at an emotional distance. Both can leave us frustrated in relationships when desires for closeness aren’t balanced with needs for independence.

The root of such relationship difficulties often traces back to differences in attachment styles – ingrained patterns that shape how we emotionally connect with others. Whether you find yourself constantly longing for approval, naturally hesitant around intimacy, or somewhere in between, awareness is the first step towards positive change. This comprehensive guide will help you recognize your attachment style, which is the key to breaking out of this pattern and navigating relationships more effectively.

The Four Attachment Styles

According to psychologist John Bowlby, there are four primary attachment styles formed in childhood: secure, anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant, and fearful-avoidant. Each style results from our early life experiences with caregivers. The attitudes and responses of our first attachments – our parents or guardians – lay the foundation. When children have attentive caregivers who respond consistently and warmly to their needs, they are likely to develop a secure attachment style. Caregivers who are absent, rejecting, or inconsistent may lead children to develop one of the insecure styles – anxious, dismissive, or fearful.

Fast forward to adulthood, and these ingrained childhood attachment styles are awakened when romantic relationships become emotionally intimate. Our early programming kicks in, and we unconsciously default to the same attachment patterns, even if they no longer work. We continue responding from the emotional blueprints carved out in our first relationships. Let’s take a closer look at the four attachment styles and how they impact our relationships – for better or worse.

The Secure Attachment Style

The secure attachment style is often considered the gold standard of attachment styles, characterized by individuals who have a positive view of themselves and others. According to research, 50 percent of the population has a secure attachment style. Such individuals feel comfortable with both intimacy and independence, forming healthy and balanced relationships. They typically have a strong sense of self-worth and believe in their own capabilities. They are confident in expressing their needs while also being attentive and responsive to the needs of their partners.

Secure individuals have a natural inclination to provide emotional support and comfort to their partners. They offer a sense of stability and reassurance, creating an environment where both partners feel seen, heard, and validated. This emotional availability and responsiveness cultivate a strong sense of intimacy, reliability, and trust within the relationship. As a result of these characteristics, those with a secure attachment style often experience stable and satisfying relationships.

While individuals with a secure attachment style may still face challenges and occasional relationship conflicts, their secure foundation allows them to navigate these difficulties with resilience and adaptability. The secure attachment style serves as an inspiring model for cultivating healthier relationship dynamics, even for those who may currently identify with other attachment styles.

The Anxious-Preoccupied Attachment Style

The anxious-preoccupied attachment style or often simply known as anxious attachment is characterized by a strong desire for closeness and intimacy, coupled with a fear of abandonment. Estimates suggest that 20 percent of the population possesses an anxious attachment style. Individuals with this attachment style often seek constant reassurance and validation from their partners, yearning for a deep emotional connection. However, their fear of rejection and abandonment can create challenges within their relationships.

Individuals with an anxious-preoccupied attachment style tend to have a negative perception of themselves. They may struggle with self-doubt, insecurity, and a fear of not being worthy of love. As a result, they often seek external validation to soothe their anxieties and boost their self-esteem. This constant need for reassurance can lead to clinginess, possessiveness, and a strong emotional dependency on their partners.

Communication for those with an anxious-preoccupied attachment style is often marked by emotional intensity and a tendency to overanalyze. They may frequently seek clarification and confirmation of their partner’s feelings, fearing any signs of potential rejection. This hyper-vigilance can strain the relationship as they constantly seek validation and reassurance, leading to repetitive questioning, jealousy, and heightened anxiety.

Individuals with this attachment style may have difficulty managing disagreements and may fear that conflicts will lead to the dissolution of the relationship. As a result, they may avoid conflict altogether or become excessively anxious and emotional during conflicts. The fear of abandonment and the need for constant reassurance can amplify their emotional response and hinder effective resolution.

The Dismissive-Avoidant Attachment Style

Anxious-preoccupied and dismissive-avoidant attachment style are two sides of the same coin. They are both the result of ineffective and extreme emotional regulation, where the former seeks constant validation while the latter disassociates and tries to drown out emotions all together. Often simply known as avoidant attachment, it is characterized by individuals who exhibit emotional distance and a strong inclination towards independence. Research estimates suggest that around 25 percent of individuals are dismissive-avoidant, making it the second most common attachment style. Those with this attachment style often struggle with forming deep emotional connections and may find it challenging to rely on others.

They tend to have a positive view of themselves but a dismissive and avoidant attitude towards others. They often prioritize self-reliance and autonomy, valuing independence over emotional intimacy. They may downplay the importance of close relationships and prefer to maintain a level of emotional distance to avoid feelings of vulnerability or dependency.

Communication for individuals with a dismissive-avoidant attachment style can be marked by a preference for logical reasoning and a tendency to minimize emotional expressions. They may struggle to fully express their own emotions and may have difficulty understanding or empathizing with the emotions of their partners. This emotional distance can create a barrier to deeper emotional connection and understanding within the relationship.

Conflict resolution can be particularly challenging for those with a dismissive-avoidant attachment style. They have a tendency to withdraw emotionally or physically during conflicts, seeking solitude as a means of self-protection. They often struggle with addressing emotional needs or may downplay the significance of conflict, dismissing its impact on the relationship. This avoidance of conflict and emotional disengagement can hinder effective resolution and create further distance between partners.

The Fearful-Avoidant Attachment Style

The fearful-avoidant attachment style, also known as the disorganized attachment style, is characterized by conflicting desires for closeness and independence. According to research, it is the least common attachment style, found in only 5 percent of the population. Individuals with this attachment style often experience internal struggles and mixed emotions when it comes to forming and maintaining relationships.

Those with a fearful-avoidant attachment style often have a negative view of both themselves and others. They may struggle with trust and may have experienced past traumas or inconsistent caregiving, leading to a fear of both intimacy and abandonment. As a result, they may exhibit ambivalence and unpredictability in their relationships, experiencing a push-pull dynamic of seeking closeness while simultaneously fearing it.

Communication for individuals with a fearful-avoidant attachment style can be marked by confusion and uncertainty. They may have difficulty expressing their needs and emotions clearly, as they may feel torn between their desire for connection and their fear of vulnerability. This conflicting internal struggle can result in mixed signals, emotional distancing, and difficulties in establishing effective communication patterns with their partners.

When it comes to conflict resolution, such people may oscillate between avoiding conflicts altogether or becoming overwhelmed by intense emotions during conflicts. This ambivalence can lead to a fear of rejection and a reluctance to address relationship issues head-on, further complicating the resolution process and potentially perpetuating cycles of unresolved conflicts.

Impact of Different Attachment Styles on Relationships

Different attachment styles can significantly impact relationship dynamics and satisfaction. In relationships where both partners have a secure attachment style, there is a strong foundation of trust, effective communication, and emotional support. These relationships tend to be characterized by mutual respect, healthy boundaries, and a sense of security. Partners can rely on each other for support and navigate challenges with a sense of resilience and understanding. Securely attached people are often very good at forming long lasting relationships.

However, when partners have different attachment styles, challenges may arise. For instance, when a person with an anxious-preoccupied attachment style is in a relationship with someone who has a dismissive-avoidant attachment style, it can create a cycle of pursuit and withdrawal. The anxious-preoccupied individual may crave closeness and reassurance, while the dismissive-avoidant individual may resist emotional intimacy, leading to a pattern of emotional disconnection and frustration.

Similarly, relationships involving a person with a fearful-avoidant attachment style can experience intense fluctuations between the desire for closeness and the fear of abandonment. This can create an unpredictable and emotionally volatile environment, making it challenging for both partners to establish a sense of stability and security.

Can a Secure Attachment Style be developed?

The key for healthier relationship patterns are for partners to work towards developing a more secure attachment style. The good news is that your style is not set in stone. While our early experiences with caregivers play a significant role in shaping our attachment style, it is not the only factor. Later life experiences, such as positive romantic relationships or therapeutic interventions, can help individuals develop a more secure attachment style.

With awareness and effort, an “earned secure attachment” can be developed. Just like a skill you can develop over time, you have the power to cultivate a more secure attachment style. It is a personal growth process that starts with self-awareness and continues with intentional efforts. Reflect on your own attachment patterns and how they show up in your relationships. Identify any patterns or triggers that contribute to feelings of insecurity or emotional challenges.

Another effective approach for personal development is being in a relationship with a secure partner. Regardless of whether you lean toward anxious or avoidant tendencies, there’s much to glean from observing how a secure partner maintains healthy communication and boundaries. The key is to approach this with an open mind and avoid hastily labeling the emotionally stable partner as boring or uninteresting, since many mistakenly equate emotional highs and lows with genuine love.

Conclusion

Every attachment style comes with strengths as well as areas for growth. While challenging at times, recognizing unhealthy patterns and unconscious beliefs within yourself is the first step to overcoming them. Reflect on how your style affects your relationships, seek perspectives from loved ones and be open to improving communication and compromise. As you practice these skills, even deeply ingrained attachment patterns can evolve over time. Anxious types can learn to balance dependence and focus on self-worth. Avoidants can overcome defenses and open up to true intimacy. Whatever your attachment style, learning more about yourself and others holds the potential to transform your relationships into ones filled with trust, warmth and fulfillment.

References:

INFP – The Mediator’s Guide to Dating & Relationship Compatibility

INFPs, also known as “mediators” or “healers”, are one of the 16 personality types identified by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Guided by a strong inner moral compass, INFPs are altruistic and sensitive individuals who truly value authenticity in themselves and others. While they may appear quiet and reserved on the surface, there’s an entire world of imagination, dreams, and deeply held values thriving within them. When it comes to relationships, INFPs long to connect with someone who speaks the language of ideals and vision, sees past surface realities into the profound truths beneath, and is willing to share in life’s poetic beauty.

Finding like-minded souls who can truly understand them and share their vision of authentic living is no easy feat for these dreamy idealists. Naturally, some personality types align well with INFPs, while others may encounter challenges understanding their ways. Let’s explore how different types interact with and relate to INFPs, and the possibilities and limitations of these relationships.

INFP’s Bonds with Fellow NFs (Intuitive-Feelers)

Of all personality types, INFPs tend to be most drawn to other NFs – those emotional idealists who share their depth, empathy, and vision for a better world. Let’s explore the dynamics and compatibility of INFP with each Idealist type:

INFP and INFJ

INFPs and INFJs are highly compatible due to their shared disdain for shallow relationships and their shared capacity for experiencing emotions on a meaningful level. Both have introverted personalities, and understand the value of space and alone time. They have a mutual understanding of intuition and are able to pick up on subtle cues and unspoken feelings, allowing them to connect on a deeper level than many other personality types. Moreover, INFJs’ organized approach can also bring a sense of stability and structure to the sometimes dreamy and idealistic nature of INFPs.

However, there may be a few potential areas of conflict between them. INFPs tend to follow their hunches without worrying too much about where they lead to, whereas INFJs are more concerned with closure. This can lead to INFPs seeing INFJs as rigid, and INFJs seeing INFPs as impractical. They also lack conflict resolution skills and tend to avoid confrontation rather than talking about the issue. That being said, both types are highly understanding of each other’s needs and emotions, and can definitely get past these bumps in the road.

INFP and ENFJ

Though different in expression, INFPs and ENFJs both share a core desire to connect with others in an authentic and meaningful way. Both types share assertiveness and warmth, and they are driven by a desire to be helpful to others. INFPs, with their empathetic nature, have a natural ability to mirror the emotions of others, which can help ENFJs reflect on their own feelings and priorities when they become overly focused on fixing external problems. On the other hand, ENFJs, with their confident and outgoing leadership qualities, are instrumental in helping INFPs manifest their visions by translating ideas into actionable steps. At their best, the INFP provides the dream while the ENFJ helps turn ideas into reality.

The tension in this pairing may arise from the ENFJs’ high energy levels overwhelming the more introverted INFP. INFPs value their individuality and alone time and may see their emotionally expressive ENFJ partner as too clingy. However, with INFPs showing a little more visible signs of affection and communicating their feelings to their partner, the relationship is likely to be balanced and strong, rooted in mutual compassion, understanding, and a sense of comfort.

INFP and ENFP

This highly compatible relationship between INFPs and ENFPs stems from their shared cognitive functions (that are arranged in the opposite order). Both types are adaptable and creative thinkers, but INFPs lean towards independence and reservedness, while ENFPs are generally more outgoing. ENFPs need someone to be spontaneous with, and hence, appreciate INFPs’ laid-back attitude and their willingness to go with the flow. ENFPs encourage curiosity in INFPs and provide them a supportive environment for exploring their visions, ideas and hunches. In turn, INFPs help ENFPs be more reflective, and stay grounded and connected to their core values and emotions. Together the INFP and ENFP feel they have found someone who truly understands their experience of the world.

When there are wide differences in an INFP’s and ENFP’s values, it can create challenges, as both types hold their principles strongly. However, open communication and understanding can help them navigate these issues and strengthen their relationship.

INFP and INFP

The relationship between two INFPs can be incredibly harmonious and fulfilling, as they possess a deep understanding of each other that surpasses any other type. Sharing the same hobbies and creative interests, they have a profound appreciation for the ideas and emotions expressed by their partner. They support and encourage each other’s intuitions and love exploring new ideas and unconventional thinking together. The fact that both are independent individuals contributes to their compatibility. They are two mirrors reflecting each other’s hopes, dreams, vulnerabilities, and complexities. Through shared values and deep empathy, they embark on a journey of self-discovery and mutual growth.

However, these strengths can also become weaknesses when it comes to conflict resolution, as both may struggle with expressing their true feelings, leading to unresolved issues and potential resentment over time. Additionally, day-to-day tasks and responsibilities may pose a challenge, as neither INFP is particularly inclined toward mundane routines. Compatibility may also be affected if both individuals become too rigid in their beliefs, clinging stubbornly to their own notions of right and wrong. Nonetheless, open communication, the division of routine tasks, sharing their inner worlds, and expressing appreciation for one another can help create a strong and fulfilling partnership between two INFPs.

INFP’s Interactions Beyond the NF Realm

While not outright incompatible, the remaining types often have a little harder time grasping the essence of the INFP and may ultimately frustrate their search for depth and meaning:

INFP and Sensing Personalities

Some sensors find themselves in delightful harmony with INFPs, while others may struggle to bridge the gap between their perspectives. Initially, the practical and grounded nature of sensors can help offset the idealistic and imaginative tendencies of INFPs. For example, sensing types often excel in tasks that require attention to detail and following established procedures. When paired with an INFP’s imaginative and creative nature, this combination can lead to a more well-rounded approach to problem-solving and goal achievement.

This can be great in a workplace setting, but in personal relationships these differences in approach and priorities may start to create friction over time. Sensors may grow frustrated with what they perceive as the INFP’s indecisiveness or their focus on emotions and abstract ideas rather than practical matters. Those who excessively prioritize immediate sensory experiences may struggle to understand the “head-in-the-clouds” nature of INFPs. Similarly, INFPs may feel stifled or restricted by the sensors’ emphasis on the present, their fixed routines and conventionality. These contrasting preferences can lead to a lack of understanding and dissatisfaction within the relationship.

INFP and NT (Rational) types

The Rational temperament in the MBTI encompasses four types: INTP, INTJ, ENTP, and ENTJ, all of which share the traits of being intuitive (N) and thinking (T). While some sources argue that NF-NF pairings yield the highest compatibility, several authors contend that the Idealist-Rational pairing is truly the match made in heaven, where the hearts of NF meet the minds of NT. This combination offers a substantial foundation of mutual understanding and shared values, as their Intuition creates a strong connection. Additionally, each type can learn from and be captivated by the differences they bring to the relationship, further enhancing their compatibility.

INFPs’ relationships with the Rational types can vary depending on the context, particularly in workplace and personal life. In the workplace, the dynamic between INFPs and NTs can be especially complementary and beneficial. INFPs’ strengths in empathy, creativity, and understanding emotions can harmonize with the analytical and logical approach of the Rational types. INFPs often bring a fresh perspective and innovative ideas, while the Thinking (T) element of Rational types contributes critical thinking and strategic problem-solving skills. Moreover, both types have a mutual appreciation for abstract ideas and insights due to their Intuition (N) function. The combination of these different strengths can lead to effective collaboration and well-rounded outcomes.

When it comes to their personal relationships, some Rational types may have trouble getting along with INFPs in the long run. While INFPs operate according to their internal sense of ethics and desire for authentic relationships, NTs prioritize logic and practicality over emotional considerations, which can directly clash with the sensitive and idealistic nature of INFPs. INFPs may not mind it too much in the workplace, but in personal relationships they may frequently feel criticized and misunderstood, unable to bridge the divide between cold logic and human needs. However, the relationship can still be a source of growth and learning, with Rational types gaining insight into the emotional realm and INFPs benefiting from their partners’ logical analysis and thinking.

Conclusion

INFPs’ compassionate and intuitive nature can be a source of deep understanding and empathy, and they are at their best when these qualities and their deeply held values are truly appreciated by their partners. Hence, this type typically finds great solace and similarity with other NF (Idealist) types. For the more adventurous INFPs, pairing with NT (Rational) or sensing-dominant types can present valuable opportunities for fresh perspectives and personal growth. The S-N difference, however, might be the most significant barrier and point of disappointment later on in the relationship, as INFP is the type that places a great deal of values on depth and abstract thoughts that a sensing partner might not be able to meet to a satisfactory extent.

Overall, compatibility goes beyond personality types alone and requires open communication, mutual respect, and a willingness to embrace differences. The key to successful relationships lies in recognizing the unique strengths and challenges of each personality type and embracing the opportunity for personal and collective growth.

INFJ and INFP – Relationship Compatibility

Have you ever met someone who seemed to just “get” you from the very beginning? For INFPs and INFJs, that connection can feel almost magical. Both types are deeply empathetic, introspective, and committed to personal growth. It’s easy to imagine that these two personalities would be the perfect match. However, like any other pairing, there are several differences between them, leading to unique challenges that they have to navigate. How do these similarities and differences play out in real-life relationships? Let’s take a closer look.

But first, let’s have a quick overview of INFJs’ and INFPs’ cognitive functions, which will serve as a reference throughout the article. Cognitive functions are the mental processes- the bricks that build the house which is your personality! Even though they have only one letter different, INFJ and INFP actually share zero common cognitive functions (in the top 4)! There are a total of eight cognitive functions with each MBTI personality type having a unique sequence of the functions. Simply put, the top or dominant function has the strongest influence on our thoughts and behaviors followed by auxiliary, tertiary…. The top-four cognitive functions of INFJs and INFPs are:

	INFJ	INFP
Dominant	Introverted Intuition (Ni) – relies on abstract connections, speculates about potential and potential implications.	Introverted Feeling (Fi) – relies on value judgment – a deep understanding of personal values and beliefs, and a desire to live in congruence with them.
Auxiliary	Extraverted Feeling (Fe) – relies on sensitivity to the emotional states of others and feelings of harmony with the world.	Extraverted Intuition (Ne) – relies on abstract possibilities, generates novel ideas about what things can be.
Tertiary	Introverted Thinking (Ti) – uses personal framework of technical knowledge and skill to prevent/avoid/solve problems	Introverted Sensing (Si) – relies on sensory details, processes concrete details via comparing/contrasting with past experiences.
Inferior	Extraverted Sensing (Se) – maintains direct relationship to the world via physical sensations.	Extraverted Thinking (Te) – relies on knowledge of external systems, uses empirical data to make effective decisions

For a more detailed explanation and examples for each cognitive function, click here.

Now that we have a better understanding of their cognitive functions, we can examine how these functions interact to create the foundation of great INFJ-INFP relationships.

What draws INFJ and INFP to each other?

INFJs and INFPs share a lot of similarities, which is why they are often considered to be highly compatible. Some of them include:

Emotional compatibility

INFJs and INFPs are highly compatible due to their shared capacity for experiencing emotions on a deep and meaningful level. Both types possess a strong sense of empathy and prioritize emotional connection in their relationships. INFJs utilize their Extraverted Feeling (Fe) function to intuitively understand the emotions and needs of their partner. They often place their partner’s feelings above their own, striving to maintain peace and harmony in the relationship.

Meanwhile, INFPs use their dominant Introverted Feeling (Fi) function to remain true to their own emotions while simultaneously empathizing with their partner by understanding their emotions. Since INFJs’ Feeling function is directed outwards, they can quickly realize how others are feeling but often have trouble identifying their own emotions. INFPs help them explore their feelings by mirroring them, and provide them a safe space to express themselves without any fear of judgment.

Intuitive connection

Both INFJs and INFPs share a deep connection through their intuitive nature. INFJs have dominant Introverted Intuition (Ni), which provides them with sudden flashes of insight into the meaning of things, sometimes in the form of images, words, or even symbols. This can be perceived as strange or confusing by other personality types, but INFPs can easily understand and appreciate their thought process, and don’t ask for logical justifications for their insights. INFPs’ auxiliary function, Extraverted Intuition (Ne), allows them to make connections between different ideas and things in their environment and make predictions. Although their Intuition is directed outwards, they can still relate to the unexplainable sense of just “knowing” about something.

This mutual understanding of intuition creates a profound level of communication and empathy between INFJs and INFPs. They are able to pick up on subtle cues and unspoken feelings, allowing them to connect on a deeper level than many other personality types. This makes them highly compatible in both friendships and romantic relationships.

A shared disdain for shallow relationships

INFJs and INFPs share a strong aversion to shallow relationships. They prioritize deep and meaningful connections and are often dissatisfied with superficial interactions. As intuitive feelers, they crave authenticity and are drawn to others who share their values. This shared disdain for superficial relationships creates a strong bond between these two personality types, allowing them to build a relationship based on trust, emotional depth, and a mutual desire for genuine connection.

Balanced planning and exploration:

INFJs and INFPs complement each other’s tendencies towards action and contemplation. INFPs inspire INFJs to take a more relaxed approach to their day-to-day life and enjoy the journey rather than focusing solely on the destination. On the other hand, INFJs motivate INFPs to come up with concrete plans and take action towards achieving their ideas. Together, they can strike a balance between dreaming and doing, creating a harmonious partnership.

INFJs, being a “J” type, are naturally inclined towards closure, planning, and getting things done. They tend to be perfectionists, always striving for the best solution to a problem, and often stressing about getting everything done on time. In contrast, INFPs, being a “P” type, are more focused on exploration and trying out different options. They enjoy seeing where the plan takes them, and are not as worried about sticking to a strict schedule. This is where they balance each other out. INFJs help INFPs pare down their ideas and options to the most suitable ones (using their Ni), and INFPs prevent INFJs from getting caught up in planning and overlooking opportunities for exploration (using their Ne).

Respect for boundaries

INFJs and INFPs both have introverted personalities, and they understand the value of space and alone time. They understand that personal space is not a sign of disinterest or dislike, but a necessary part of recharging and reflecting. They appreciate each other’s need for solitude and respect it, without feeling neglected or hurt. They can match each other’s energy and wavelength, creating a harmonious balance in the relationship. Being introverts, they also prefer meaningful conversations over small talk, which deepens their emotional connection.

Shared interests and preferences

INFJs and INFPs share a lot of common interests and values, which makes them compatible partners. They both tend to have hobbies that involve creativity and introspection, such as reading, writing, painting, or playing music. They also share a preference for people who are thoughtful and empathetic, and both tend to value deep and meaningful connections with others over superficial ones. In terms of their social lives, both INFJs and INFPs tend to prefer a small circle of close friends rather than a large group of acquaintances, and they generally prefer quieter, more low-key activities over loud, crowded events.

Additionally, both types have deep appreciation for art and the meaning it brings to life. Last but not least, they both tend to be non-materialistic, valuing meaning and depth over material possessions and superficial glamor. These shared values and interests create a strong bond between INFJs and INFPs, making them a natural match for one another.

Potential conflicts in INFJ-INFP relationships

While INFJs and INFPs share many similarities that make them compatible, their different approaches to processing and expressing emotions can create potential areas of conflict, such as below.

Prioritization of values

While both INFJs and INFPs prioritize values, they differ in their focus. INFJs tend to prioritize social values and harmony (Fe) while INFPs prioritize their individual values and feelings (Fi). This difference in focus can lead to conflicts, especially when it comes to decision-making as a couple. Conflict can also arise when it comes to issues that affect the broader society. INFJs may be more willing to compromise their individual values in the interest of social harmony, while INFPs may get defensive and feel more strongly about sticking to their personal values, even if it means going against the norm. These differences in prioritization can lead to misunderstandings and disagreements between the two types.

Communication challenges

Both INFJs and INFPs struggle with expressing their own needs and emotions in a clear and direct manner. INFJs may expect their partners to anticipate their emotions as they do for their partners, leading to unrealistic expectations and potential conflict. On the other hand, INFPs may become defensive and withdraw from conflict, leading to unresolved resentment. These communication challenges can put a strain on the relationship and make it difficult to maintain a healthy and fulfilling partnership.

Pursuit of knowledge

Another potential area of conflict between INFJs and INFPs stems from their different approaches to seeking knowledge. While both types are idealistic and passionate about their beliefs, INFPs tend to have a more free-form approach to intellectual exploration, following their hunches (Ne) without worrying too much about confirmation. In contrast, INFJs are highly focused on testing and confirming their ideas and theories (due to their Ni). This divergence in approach can lead to misunderstandings, with INFPs potentially seeing INFJs as rigid and unyielding, and INFJs seeing INFPs as impractical or lost in a dream world.

Stress Responses

Both INFJs and INFPs have different stress responses, which can cause conflict in their relationship. INFJs tend to resort to their inferior function Extraverted Sensing (Se) under stress, leading to self-indulgence in sensory pleasures like binge-eating, smoking, drinking, or watching TV for hours, while ignoring their responsibilities. On the other hand, INFPs under stress tend to resort to their inferior function, Extraverted Thinking (Te), overwhelmed by an urge to organize their surroundings and frantically “fix” things.

This can cause conflict between them when INFJs give in to their desires and engage in sensory activities. As a result, INFPs may perceive them as irresponsible or selfish, which could lead to resentment. In the same way, when INFPs become critical, extremely focused, and tend to blame others, INFJs may view them as overpowering or harsh, which can cause tension and disagreements in their relationship.

Keeping the spark alive: Tips for a healthy INFJ-INFP relationship

To improve your relationship, it’s important for both INFPs and INFJs to remember that the other person is sensitive and has their own unique needs. INFPs should be willing to open up about their thoughts and feelings, which will help INFJs feel that the relationship is healthy and intimate. INFJs should be mindful of INFPs’ strong values and avoid pressuring them to conform to their own beliefs. Instead, they should approach inquiries with a non-judgmental tone.

When problems arise, it’s important for both INFJs and INFPs to communicate openly and calmly, focusing on the behavior or action rather than attacking the person. They should avoid letting problems fester and seek to resolve them together, with empathy and understanding.

Finally, it’s important to have interests outside of the relationship, to avoid becoming overly focused or dependent on each other.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the INFJ-INFP pairing is a truly fascinating and harmonious relationship dynamic. The combination of the INFJ’s deep intuition and insight with the INFP’s profound empathy and authenticity creates a deep connection that is both rare and beautiful. These two personality types have the ability to understand and appreciate each other on a level that few others can reach. While there may be challenges along the way, these two personality types have a lot to offer each other, and can create a deep and fulfilling connection if they’re willing to communicate openly and work together.

However, the journey doesn’t end here. To enhance their connection and better understand themselves and each other, INFJs and INFPs in a relationship should continue to explore their personality type in more depth. You can check out the detailed INFJ and INFP type descriptions on our website, and additional valuable insights into your own and your partner’s personality traits, strengths, and weaknesses. Armed with this understanding, INFJ and INFP partners can learn how to support each other in more customized ways and navigate the intricacies of their relationship more effectively.

Are you an INFJ or INFP? Decoding Your True Personality Type

Do you live with one foot in the physical world and one in the realm of imagination? Are you an empathetic and introspective person but struggle with explaining to others the rich inner landscape of ideas and emotions within you? If so, you may find yourself caught in the INFJ/INFP tug-of-war – two of the most idealistic personality types under the Myer Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) system.

As sensitive souls and visionaries, INFJs and INFPs share some similarities in both letters and outward behaviors, and may appear nearly interchangeable on the surface. However, as we delve deeper into the analysis of their cognitive functions, we find that they have significant yet subtle differences, from how they process information and make decisions to how they handle their own and others’ emotions. Gaining insight into these differences can be a profoundly rewarding experience and help you embrace the gifts of your unique personality.

What are Cognitive Functions?

When it comes to differentiating between such similar personality types, understanding their cognitive functions is the key as they provide a more nuanced and precise understanding of the inner minds of each type.Cognitive functions are the mental processes used by individuals to gather information and make decisions. There are 4 cognitive processes: Feeling, Thinking, Intuition and Sensing, and they can be either introverted (directed inwards) or extraverted (directed outwards), resulting in 8 cognitive functions.

In the MBTI framework, each type is characterized predominantly by the relative dominance of 4 functions: a dominant, auxiliary, tertiary, and inferior function. Much like our dominant hand versus non-dominant hand, we have a greater level of confidence and comfort using our dominant function compared to the ones lower in our functional stack. The further we move down the stack towards our auxiliary, tertiary and then inferior function, the less control and awareness we have over its influence on us. To understand better how the cognitive function stack is determined for a particular type, you can read the detailed guide here.

Understanding the cognitive functions of INFJs and INFPs is like uncovering the hidden gears that drive their unique personalities. Each type has a unique stack of cognitive functions, which are explained below.

	INFJ	INFP
Dominant	Introverted Intuition (Ni) – relies on abstract connections, speculates about potential and potential implications.	Introverted Feeling (Fi) – relies on a deep understanding of personal values and beliefs, and a desire to live in congruence with them.
Auxiliary	Extraverted Feeling (Fe) – relies on sensitivity to the emotional states of others and feelings of harmony with the world.	Extraverted Intuition (Ne) – relies on abstract possibilities, generates novel ideas about what things can be.
Tertiary	Introverted Thinking (Ti) – uses personal framework of technical knowledge and skill to prevent/avoid/solve problems	Introverted Sensing (Si) – relies on sensory details, processes concrete details via comparing/contrasting with past experiences.
Inferior	Extraverted Sensing (Se) – maintains direct relationship to the world via physical sensations.	Extraverted Thinking (Te) – relies on knowledge of external systems, uses empirical data to make effective decisions

For a more detailed explanation and examples for each cognitive function, click here.

Distinguishing Between INFJ and INFP

Now that we have a better understanding of the cognitive functions that INFJs and INFPs use, we can examine how these functions shape their personalities and lead to the following differences in their behavior and preferences.

Analytical vs Artistic Thinking

One of the primary differences between INFJ and INFP is how they approach the world and process information. INFJs take a more analytical approach, using their dominant Introverted Intuition (Ni) to understand the purpose and meaning of things, narrowing down possibilities to the most suitable ones. They look outside in, searching for the underlying patterns and themes and observing how different parts work together to form a cohesive whole.

On the other hand, INFPs lean more towards artistic and creative thinking. Guided by their values and emotions (due to their Fi), they look inside out, focusing on how they feel about things rather than their intended purpose or meaning. Furthermore, their Ne, which is exploratory in nature, also helps them generate multiple possibilities and ideas, allowing them to approach problems from a creative and imaginative standpoint.

Decisive vs Exploratory Decision Making

Another difference between INFJ and INFP is their approach to decision-making. INFJs tend to be decisive and efficient in reaching a decision. They meticulously analyze, and pare down all the available options to reach their desired goals (using their Ni, often supported by their Ti) without any perceived waste of time or resources. This makes them strategic, thoughtful, and observant in their decision-making approach.

On the other hand, INFPs have an authentic love and appreciation for exploring new experiences, and aren’t necessarily fixated on finding the one “perfect” solution. They tend to generate a plethora of ideas using their Ne, often throwing every possible option at the wall to see what sticks. Their satisfaction comes from the process of uncovering possibilities that extend beyond the present reality, rather than the decision itself. This approach to decision-making is marked by an open-minded and exploratory mindset that values creativity and imagination.

Absorbing vs Mirroring Emotions

INFJs are highly attuned to the emotions of others due to their Fe, which makes them expert social chameleons. They have a remarkable ability to read the room quickly thanks to the input from their Extraverted Sensing (Se), discerning subtle changes in others’ tone, body language, and behavior, and adapt their own behavior to promote social harmony. However, this ability to absorb others’ emotions can be overwhelming and often leaves INFJs struggling to differentiate their own feelings from those of others.

On the other hand, INFPs’ Introverted Feeling (Fi) is more focused on their own values, morals, and emotions. They are not likely to alter their behavior to please others, as they prioritize their own feelings and authenticity. INFPs can still very well understand what others are going through by putting themselves in their shoes, but they only mirror the emotions of others rather than absorbing them. This makes it easier for them to maintain a healthy emotional distance and not get overwhelmed by the emotions of others. This emotional clarity also allows them to remain true to themselves and their values, often leading them to pursue creative outlets where they can express themselves freely.

Community-Oriented vs Individualistic Relationship Orientation

INFJs and INFPs approach their relationships with others in very distinct ways. INFJs, due to their Fe, are community-oriented people, guided by a vision of how relationships and society ‘ought to be’. They tend to take on a more active and assertive role in relationships, seeking to build connections and harmony, and facilitate communication. This, combined with their ability to value shared experiences of the group, often also leads them to be chosen for positions of authority and leadership roles by others, even if they do not actively seek them.

While INFJs have a stronger desire to build community, INFPs prefer more intimate connections. INFPs lead with their hearts, following their personal values and beliefs (due to their Fi). INFPs approach relationships with an idealistic and personalized focus. They prefer intimate one-on-one connections, built on profound emotional understanding and shared values. However, they may struggle with setting clear boundaries and asserting themselves, which can lead to difficulties in expressing their needs and built-up resentment.

Developing a “Sensor’s Eye” vs a “Thinker’s Mind”

Personal growth and development are important to both INFJs and INFPs, but their paths to achieving it can be quite different. Due to their inferior functions, they may struggle in certain areas and experience unique challenges. Inferior functions represent an aspirational but weak or “tip toeing” part of one’s personality. People rarely notice their inferior functions under normal conditions. However, when stressed or fatigued, these weaker functions emerge in unintended and disruptive ways. People are said to “be in the grip” of the inferior functions in this situation. Healthy INFJs and INFPs see their inferior functions not as weaknesses but opportunities to grow. Through conscious dedication, what was once a liability can be transformed into a source of strength and depth.

INFJs pursue growth through cultivating their inferior Extraverted Sensing (Se) function. In the grip, the dark side of Se takes hold, inducing escapism through overindulgence in sensory pleasures. INFJs may binge watch TV, overeat, or become shortsighted in pleasure-seeking, which they regret later when the stress subsides. To strengthen Se, INFJs must gain awareness of this unconscious tendency and learn control. Moreover, INFJs prioritize their personal insights and “gut feelings” over concrete details. Healthy INFJs aspire to strengthen Se by cultivating awareness of the external world, and being more present and responsive to external sensory stimuli. What seemed abstract must become visceral. Through practice and patience, INFJs can develop a “sensor’s eye” able to see beyond concepts to practical realities.

In contrast, INFPs nurture their Extraverted Thinking (Te) to develop mastery. When in the grip of Te, INFPs tend to get hyper-critical of themselves and others, frantically solving problems or nitpicking processes. They must tame their urge to organize or “fix” everything when stressed through hypercriticism or forced efficiency. Healthy INFPs aspire to strengthen Te through developing a pragmatic “thinker’s mind.” Te demands analyzing information objectively, stepping away from personal values to evaluate options rationally and decisively. For INFPs, it means moving away from imagination to implementation by formulating feasible strategies and evaluating resources effectively.

Conclusion

Now that you know the key differences between INFJs and INFPs, where do you stand? Take some time to reflect on which tendencies feel most natural and authentic to you. Remember, self-discovery is a lifelong journey and determining your personality type is just the beginning. It can be a powerful tool to help you embrace your strengths and chart your own path in life. For INFPs, recognizing your idealism and depth of caring can help you set boundaries when needed and express your authentic feelings. Similarly, if you are an INFJ, understanding your empathy and desire for harmony can guide you towards finding balance and connecting with your own needs.

If you still feel conflicted, take the next step and read the detailed descriptions of both the INFJ and INFP personality types. It will provide you with a framework to explore the depths of who you are – and who you want to become. Use this knowledge as a springboard to continue your growth, follow your purpose, and build authentic relationships where your gifts are truly appreciated.

Executive (ESTJ) – Type Description

ESTJ is one of the 16 Myers & Briggs personality types, characterized by extraversion, sensing, thinking, and judging. ESTJs, also known as the “executives” or “supervisors”, are natural-born leaders who thrive in organized and structured environments. They are practical, efficient, and dependable, always striving for excellence in their endeavors. ESTJs have a strong work ethic and sense of duty, and take their responsibilities seriously, whether it be in their personal or professional lives. They are confident and assertive, and they have a natural talent for organizing and delegating tasks to ensure efficient execution.

ESTJs are known for their decisive nature and their ability to make tough decisions with clarity and efficiency. They value rules, tradition and order, and expect others to adhere to them as well. They have a no-nonsense approach to problem-solving and are not afraid to confront challenges head-on. They are confident in their abilities and have a natural talent for leading and motivating others to achieve a common goal. ESTJs are also known for their loyalty and dedication to their friends, family, and organizations, and they will go above and beyond to ensure the success of their team or group.

Cognitive Functions of ESTJs:

To gain insight into the characteristics of ESTJ personalities, it is helpful to understand the dominant and auxiliary cognitive functions that drive them. According to the MBTI system, each personality type has a set of cognitive functions that they use most frequently, which leads to consistent patterns and characteristics. For ESTJs,

the dominant cognitive function is Extraverted Thinking (Te), and
the auxiliary function is Introverted Sensing (Si) that supports the dominant function

Dominant Te: Extraverted Thinking (Te) function relies on empirical data and understanding of external systems. People who have a dominant Te function are logical and analytical in their approach, focus on objective data, and prioritize rationality over personal feelings or emotions.

ESTJs use their dominant Te to take control and organize the external world around them. This function gives them the ability to make quick and efficient decisions and plans by utilizing all the information available to them, rather than being passive in their approach. It helps ESTJs in finding practical solutions to problems, streamlining processes, and achieving tangible outcomes.

Auxiliary Si: Individuals who use the Introverted Sensing (Si) function have an organized internal world and a highly accurate memory of past experiences and sensations. ESTJs use their auxiliary Si to create categories in their minds to sort and keep track of important information and data, processed by their dominant Te. By remembering their past successful experiences and following the same strategies and behaviors to recreate those experiences, they are able to create a sense of stability and predictability in their lives.

Due to ESTJs’ focus on these dominant and auxiliary functions, their Intuition and Feeling functions are less developed, which can lead to a lack of intuitive or abstract thinking (Intuition), understanding and expressing emotions, empathizing with others, and understanding the emotional impact of their decisions on others (Feeling).

Strengths

Like all personality types, ESTJs also have their own unique set of strengths, some of which include the following.

Strong leadership skills: ESTJs make great leaders due to their ability to efficiently manage people and resources. Their Te helps them see the best course of action, make quick logical decisions in the moment, and take charge to achieve desired outcomes.
Efficient and result-oriented: ESTJs’ Te and Si work in tandem to make them efficient and result-oriented. Their Te helps them analyze information objectively, and identify what works and what doesn’t. Their Si provides them with a structured approach to problem-solving, helping them implement proven strategies for achieving tangible results.
Direct and honest communication: ESTJs’ Te influences their direct and honest communication style. They value logic and rationality over emotions, preferring to address conflicts and issues directly rather than avoiding them, which can lead to effective resolution and progress.
Appreciation for rules and structure: ESTJs’ Si contributes to their appreciation for rules and procedures, which are often based on proven methods and past experiences. They are committed to upholding standards and maintaining order by adhering to laws, regulations, and ordinances.
Dedicated and reliable: ESTJs’ diligent approach to upholding standards and their unwavering commitment to their responsibilities make them extremely reliable and trustworthy, both in their personal and professional lives.

Weaknesses

ESTJs may have some potential weaknesses that could impact their personal life, relationships, as well as their performance in their workplace. These weaknesses may include the following.

Judgmental: ESTJs create mental categories of what is right and what is wrong based on their past experiences (due to their Si) and may be judgmental of those who deviate from these norms. They may try to impose their ideas of morality on others and can be intolerant of different perspectives or lifestyles.
Discomfort with emotions: As logical and rational thinkers, ESTJs may find it challenging to navigate or express their own emotions and understand the emotions of others. They have a weak Feeling function, leading to difficulties in connecting with others on an emotional level.
Rigidity and inflexibility: ESTJs can be stubborn and resistant to change, often holding firm to their own opinions and beliefs, due to their Si. They may struggle to adapt to new or unexpected situations and can be inflexible in their approach, insisting on their own way of doing things.
Bossy and commanding behavior: ESTJs are natural-born leaders with strong organizational skills and a desire for efficiency. However, their assertive and authoritative nature may come across as bossy or overbearing, which can be perceived as controlling or intimidating by others.
Struggle with relaxation and perfectionism: ESTJs often have high expectations for themselves and others, driven by their strong work ethic and sense of duty. They may struggle with perfectionism, constantly striving for excellence and finding it difficult to relax or engage in leisure activities.

Career choice

ESTJs thrive in structured environments that value rules and regulations, set clear expectations, and require strong leadership and decision making skills. Some suitable careers for them include:

C-level executives: ESTJs’ strong leadership skills, ability to make tough decisions, and natural inclination towards organization make them well-suited for executive or managerial roles in various industries. They can excel as CEOs, COOs, CFOs, or other C-level executives, as well as managers in different functional areas, driving organizational success.
Financial Analysts or accountants: ESTJs’ logical thinking and ability to manage resources make them suitable for careers in accounting. They can excel in roles that require analyzing financial data, creating budgets, managing expenses, and ensuring compliance with financial regulations.
Project Managers: ESTJs’ result-oriented nature, combined with their excellent organizational skills, makes them ideal candidates for project management roles. They can effectively oversee projects, allocate resources, set goals, and ensure timely completion of tasks.
Government administrators: ESTJs’ ability to create order, coordinate teams, and uphold ethical standards makes them suitable for roles as government administrators or civil servants. They can oversee government operations, enforcing policies, and serving the public interest.
Military or law enforcement officers: ESTJs possess a strong sense of duty, affinity towards rules and regulations, and the ability to maintain discipline, all of which makes them well-suited for careers in the military or law enforcement.

ESTJs may face challenges in careers that lack structure, involve frequent changes, or do not have clear rules and regulations. Creative or artistic fields, counseling or therapy careers that require high emotional intelligence, entrepreneurial ventures with high risk, research or academic fields with ambiguity, and non-profit or advocacy work involving conflicting values or ethical dilemmas may be less suitable for ESTJs.

Relationships

ESTJs in relationships tend to be very honest and straightforward right from the start. They know what they want and they are not afraid to communicate their expectations and boundaries clearly. They look for a partner who shares their values, interests, and goals. When they find the right person, they put in the effort required for the relationship to succeed, and efficiently manage any issues that may arise along the way.

While ESTJs may not be the most romantic or emotionally expressive partners, they make up for it with their dedication and stability in the relationship. As a way of showing affection, they often take on the role of a protector or provider in their relationships, striving to ensure that their partner and family are well taken care of. In order to have fun with their partners, ESTJs tend to rely on familiar experiences and activities that they enjoyed in the past, thinking their partners will enjoy them as well.

ESTJ parents may struggle with being overly strict or controlling at times, but they also provide a stable and structured environment for their children to thrive. They often emphasize the importance of education, tradition, duty, and hard work, and strive to instill these values in their children from an early age.

In conclusion, ESTJs are a practical, efficient, and dependable personality type that values structure, order, and tradition. They are natural leaders who excel in management and organizational roles, and have a strong sense of responsibility towards their obligations. While they may sometimes come across as rigid or inflexible, they are capable of adapting to changing circumstances and are always focused on finding practical solutions to problems. All in all, ESTJs are pillars of perseverance and leadership, and their unique strengths make them an essential part of their organizations and communities.

Caregiver (ESFJ) – Type Description

ESFJ is one of the 16 Myers & Briggs personality types, characterized by extraversion, sensing, feeling, and judging. ESFJs, also known as the “caregivers”, have a warm, caring, and empathetic nature. They are friendly and outgoing, and they take pleasure in ensuring that everyone is having a good time. They are highly attuned to the needs of others and are great at picking up on people’s emotions and moods. Despite their sociable nature, they are not just surface-level acquaintances. ESFJs form meaningful, long-lasting relationships and are dependable when others require assistance or someone to confide in.

ESFJs are considerate and responsible towards others and understand that their actions can have an impact on those around them. They possess a clear sense of morality and may find it perplexing when others behave in ways that conflict with their values. ESFJs are also well-organized and are great at following rules and procedures. They are loyal not just to their friends and family, but also to their employers and organizations. They are the ultimate team players and will do whatever it takes to ensure the success of their group or organization.

Cognitive Functions of ESFJs:

To gain insight into the characteristics of ESFJ personalities, it is helpful to understand the dominant and auxiliary cognitive functions that drive them. According to the MBTI system, each personality type has a set of cognitive functions that they use most frequently, which leads to consistent patterns and characteristics. For ESFJs,

the dominant cognitive function is Extraverted Feeling (Fe), and
the auxiliary function is Introverted Sensing (Si) that supports the dominant function

Dominant Fe: Individuals who have dominant Extraverted Feeling (Fe) function use it to gauge the emotional atmosphere of a group and evaluate the impact of their own behavior on others. They gather information about others’ feelings and thoughts based on subtle cues such as tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions. Based on this information, they adjust their own behavior and actions accordingly in order to create a more positive and harmonious environment. Dominant Fe helps ESFJs to be sensitive to others’ needs, to be tactful in their communication and to be able to empathize with others.

Auxiliary Si: Individuals who use the Introverted Sensing (Si) function have an organized internal world and a highly accurate memory of past experiences and sensations. ESFJs use their auxiliary Si to create categories in their minds to sort and keep track of important information, gathered by their dominant Fe, related to people and their relationships with them. By remembering their past positive experiences and following the same behaviors to recreate those experiences, they are able to create a sense of stability and predictability in their lives.

Due to ESFJs’ focus on these dominant and auxiliary functions, their Intuition and Thinking functions are less developed, which can lead to a lack of intuitive or abstract thinking (intuition), strategic planning and rational decision making (thinking).

Strengths

Like all personality types, ESFJs also have their own unique set of strengths, some of which include the following.

Sociable: ESFJs are naturally sociable and enjoy being around people. They are skilled at reading others’ emotions due to their Fe, and can adapt their communication style to suit different personalities and situations. They are warm, approachable, and skilled at making others feel at ease.
Dutiful and responsible: ESFJs are known for being hardworking and reliable, as they have a strong sense of duty and responsibility. They take their obligations seriously and strive to fulfill them to the best of their ability.
Practical and methodical: ESFJs are highly practical and methodical individuals who leave nothing to chance. They carefully plan and organize everything to effectively manage day-to-day tasks, and ensure that everything is done efficiently.
Loyal and trustworthy: ESFJs are known for their commitment to their personal and work relationships. They value loyalty and faithfulness in others and strive to demonstrate these qualities themselves. They are seen as dependable and trustworthy friends, partners, and employees.
Empathetic and sensitive: ESFJs have a strong sense of empathy and are skilled at connecting with others on an emotional level. They are sensitive, warm, and caring individuals, and make excellent team players who foster a positive and supportive work environment.

Weaknesses

ESFJs may have some potential weaknesses that could impact their personal life, relationships, as well as their performance in their workplace. These weaknesses may include the following.

Sensitivity to critique: ESFJs struggle to separate their personal worth from their work and can be sensitive to criticism. They strongly believe in their established ways of doing things due to their Si, and can see critiques as an attack on their personal beliefs and values.
Validation-seeking behavior: ESFJs have a tendency to tie their self-worth to the praise and acknowledgment they receive from others. They may seek validation by fishing for compliments and may feel demotivated when they don’t receive the recognition they believe they deserve.
Judgmental: ESFJs create mental categories of what is right and what is wrong based on their past experiences (due to their Si) and may be judgmental of those who deviate from these norms. They may try to impose their ideas of morality on others and can be intolerant of different perspectives or lifestyles.
Overly nurturing: ESFJs may have a tendency to be too caring and nurturing, to the point where they neglect their own needs. They may shower others with attention and help, even when it’s not needed, which can lead to burnout and exhaustion.
Resistance to improvisation: ESFJs may be hesitant to step out of their comfort zone and may be resistant to change. They may prefer to stick to familiar routines and ways of doing things due to their Si, which can limit their adaptability and creativity in problem-solving.

Career choice

ESFJs excel in careers that involve working with people and require a high level of responsibility, dependability, and attention to detail. Some suitable career paths for ESFJs include:

Healthcare: ESFJs are compassionate, empathetic, and have a natural inclination towards helping others, which makes them well-suited for careers in healthcare, such as nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or social work.
Education: ESFJ teachers are adept at creating a supportive and encouraging classroom environment that helps students feel comfortable and confident. They take pride in their students’ success and are motivated by the sense of fulfillment that comes from helping them reach their full potential.
Customer Service: ESFJs have excellent people skills and enjoy interacting with others, which makes them ideal for customer service positions, such as customer service representatives, hospitality and tourism, and sales.
Administrative roles: ESFJs are dependable, organized, and detail-oriented, making them well-suited for administrative roles such as executive assistants, project coordinators, or office managers.
Law Enforcement: ESFJs’ sense of duty, attention to detail, and commitment to justice make them well-suited for careers in law enforcement, such as police officers or correctional officers.
Human resources: ESFJs make great HR managers due to their natural talent for reading people, managing conflict, and finding practical solutions to problems. They are committed to upholding company values and have a strong sense of fairness and justice, making them great at this role.

ESFJs may find careers that involve working independently or require a high degree of analytical or abstract thinking challenging. Careers such as research, entrepreneurship, or roles in technology may not be as suitable for ESFJs as they typically prefer to work in structured and organized environments.

Relationships

ESFJs are known to be extremely devoted and loyal partners, always looking for someone who shares their values and beliefs. They often prefer traditional gender roles in relationships, and once they feel they have found the right person, they quickly start envisioning a future together, often planning for the long term. However, ESFJs can be influenced by social status and others’ approval, which can sometimes affect their choice of a partner.

ESFJs excel at managing practical aspects of life, such as finances and day-to-day tasks. Stability and predictability are important to them, and they need to feel that their partner is fully invested and supportive of their goals. They thrive in relationships where they feel valued and appreciated, but can become needy if they do not receive this validation. They are also uncomfortable with conflict and may compromise on their own beliefs and feelings to keep the peace in their relationship, which ultimately leads to unhappiness.

ESFJs are compassionate but firm parents who are deeply invested in their child’s lives and decisions. They are willing to go above and beyond to provide their children with all the necessities and resources they need to succeed. Consistent in their parenting style, they provide a stable environment for their children to thrive in. While they take immense pride in their child’s successes, they may feel a sense of personal failure when their child doesn’t meet their expectations. However, they are deeply attuned to their children’s feelings and needs, always available to offer emotional guidance and practical support.

In conclusion, ESFJs are nurturing and empathetic individuals who prioritize practicality and stability in their personal and professional lives. They are natural caregivers, who are devoted to their families, friends, and communities, and take great pride in providing for their loved ones. While they can be sensitive to criticism and conflict, they are skilled at managing practical aspects of life, and excel in careers that involve working with people. ESFJs serve as an inspiration for their unwavering commitment to the people and causes they care about, and their desire to create a world that is safe, secure, and harmonious for all.

Entrepreneur (ESTP) – Type Description

ESTP is one of the 16 Myers & Briggs personality types, characterized by extraversion, sensing, thinking, and perceiving. ESTPs, also known as “entrepreneurs” or “doers”, are known for their spontaneous, assertive, and daring nature. They are action-oriented individuals who thrive in high-stress situations and are always looking for the next adventure. ESTPs enjoy being the center of attention and possess a natural charisma that makes them great communicators and motivators. They have a witty sense of humor, but can be a little blunt at times which may rub others the wrong way.

ESTPs are highly skilled at thinking on their feet and improvising in difficult situations. They are quick to observe any changes or shifts in their surroundings, and pick up on subtle cues in people’s tone, behavior, or body language. They prefer to deal with situations head-on, and they may not always sugarcoat their words or actions. They value efficiency and results and are not afraid to break the rules or challenge authority if they feel it will lead to a positive outcome. However, their impulsive nature can also lead them to make hasty decisions or act without thinking, which can sometimes lead to negative consequences.

Cognitive Functions of ESTPs:

To gain insight into the characteristics of ESTP personalities, it is helpful to understand the dominant and auxiliary cognitive functions that drive them. According to the MBTI system, each personality type has a set of cognitive functions that they use most frequently, which leads to consistent patterns and characteristics. For ESTPs,

the dominant cognitive function is Extraverted Sensing (Se), and
the auxiliary function is Introverted Thinking (Ti) that supports the dominant function

Dominant Se: Extraverted Sensing (Se) directs an individual’s focus on the concrete details in the external environment, prioritizing immediate physical experiences. It is about being present in the moment, taking in information from the environment through the five senses, and responding to it in a spontaneous and adaptable way. Dominant Se individuals often act on their impulses as soon as they arise, figuring things out as they go instead of planning too far ahead.

Auxiliary Ti: Introverted Thinking (Ti) allows individuals to analyze their thoughts in a logical and systematic way, and identify any inconsistencies in their own reasoning. Ti as an auxiliary function helps ESTPs critically evaluate the information they gather through their five senses (Se). It controls their impulsive tendencies by determining the best course of action in the larger scheme of things, allowing for a balance between spontaneity and practicality.

Due to ESTPs’ focus on these dominant and auxiliary functions, their Intuition and Feeling functions are less developed, which can lead to a lack of intuitive or abstract thinking (Intuition), understanding and expressing emotions, and empathizing with others (Feeling).

Strengths

Like all personality types, ESTPs also have their own unique set of strengths, some of which include the following.

Decisive and Action-Oriented: ESTPs have a can-do attitude and are known for being decisive and action-oriented. They respond well to their physical environment and know how to maneuver the world around them.
Bold and Competitive: ESTPs are efficient, clever, bold, and are willing to take risks to achieve their objectives. Their mental toughness and sense of competition make them driven and relentless in pursuing their goals.
Observant and perceptive: ESTPs have a keen sense of observation and can easily pick up on subtle details using their dominant Se. They are able to read people well and understand their motivations, which makes them effective communicators and negotiators.
Sociable: ESTPs are outgoing and enjoy being around people. They have a natural charisma that makes them popular and well-liked. They are comfortable in social situations and are easily able to make connections with others.
Practical and innovative: ESTPs have a natural talent for finding practical solutions to problems. They are innovative and resourceful, using their bold and quick thinking to come up with unique solutions.

Weaknesses

ESTPs may have some potential weaknesses that could impact their personal life, relationships, as well as their performance in their workplace. These weaknesses may include the following.

Uncomfortable with feelings: ESTPs tend to prioritize objective data over subjective experiences, and may feel awkward in emotionally charged situations. They may struggle to express their own feelings or connect with others on an emotional level. When attempting to offer comfort or support, they may struggle to find the right words or come across as cold or uncaring.
Blunt and insensitive communication: ESTPs have a tendency to be brutally honest and come across as insensitive or callous when expressing their opinions. They may also pry into others’ personal lives without realizing they are crossing boundaries, which can cause tension with others, particularly in the workplace.
Impatience: ESTPs are highly driven individuals who prefer to work at a fast pace. They may become impatient with those who do not think as quickly or struggle to keep up with their energetic approach. Their need for speed can make it challenging to work effectively in teams or with colleagues who have a different working style.
Resistance to rules and authority: ESTPs find it tedious to follow rules and protocols, preferring to find their own way to achieve results. This can lead them to break rules and disregard authority, which can have serious consequences in professional and personal settings.
Short-sightedness: ESTPs are hands-on and prefer to focus on the present moment rather than thinking about long-term consequences of their actions. This impulsiveness can lead to risky behaviors and decisions, potentially harming not only themselves but also their organization or team.

Career choice

ESTPs, with their energetic and action-oriented nature, tend to excel in careers that allow them to apply their practical skills and think on their feet. Here are some suitable career options for ESTPs:

Entrepreneurs: ESTPs make great entrepreneurs due to their ability to spot opportunities and take calculated risks. Their Se gathers information from their surroundings and identifies emerging trends, while Ti evaluates the viability of these ideas and develops effective strategies.
Marketing and sales representatives: ESTPs are excellent communicators and have a talent for persuasion. Se allows them to pick up on subtle cues and tailor their sales pitch to each customer, while Ti helps them analyze the effectiveness of different strategies. They also enjoy the challenge of exceeding sales targets, making them natural performers in this role.
Detectives and investigators: ESTPs have a natural curiosity and a keen eye for detail due to their dominant Se. As detectives or investigators, they can use their analytical skills to solve complex cases and bring criminals to justice.
Paramedics/EMTs: ESTPs thrive in high-pressure environments and can think quickly on their feet. As paramedics or EMTs, they can process information rapidly and improvise quickly, making them excellent in emergency situations to provide medical care and save lives.
Sports coaches: ESTPs have a competitive nature and enjoy physical challenges. As sports coaches, they can use their enthusiasm and tactical skills to train athletes and guide them towards success.

ESTPs may struggle in careers such as accounting, law, data analysis, or research that require extensive planning and structured work environments. They may also find careers in counseling or social work challenging, as these fields require a high level of empathy and sensitivity.

Relationships

ESTPs are fun-loving and flirtatious in relationships. They enjoy keeping things exciting and trying new things with their partners. They may become bored or frustrated with a partner who can’t keep up with their energetic lifestyle, and they are quick to recognize incompatibilities and move on if necessary. Although they may struggle to understand their partner’s unspoken feelings and emotions, they are perceptive of changes in mood or behavior and try to respond accordingly.

In conflicts, ESTPs tend to focus on practical solutions rather than delving into the emotional aspects of the problem, which may lead them to appear cold or unemotional to their partner. However, they are also willing to go the extra mile to make their partner’s life easier without much drawing attention to it.

ESTPs can be great parents due to their flexibility, spontaneity, and high energy levels. They enjoy engaging in different activities and adventures with their children and encourage them to learn through hands-on experiences. They want their children to succeed and encourage them not to be afraid of trying out new things. However, they may struggle with enforcing strict rules and structure, as well as emotionally bonding with their children.

In conclusion, ESTPs are lively, spontaneous, and practical individuals who enjoy taking risks and seeking new experiences. They are quick thinkers, action-oriented, and natural problem-solvers who are fearless in the face of challenges. While their focus on logic and practicality can sometimes lead to them overlooking emotional needs, they are highly perceptive and responsive to their environment and the people around them. With their energetic and adventurous spirit, ESTPs inspire others to live in the moment, embrace change, and take risks to achieve their goals.